One of the most important strategies for treating prostate cancer is to achieve and maintain effective suppression of testosterone levels in men receiving androgen deprivation. Historically, testosterone levels below 50 ng/dl was regarded as castration level. Current data indicate that in an attempt to maximize the therapeutic result of a new target for any surgical or chemical castration is a testosterone level below 20 ng/dl. The phenomenon of flash testosterone and exacerbation of chronic conditions by introducing an analog of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone can cause testosterone levels to rise periodically, sometimes up to a non-castration levels. The study of androgen ablation is to identify those agents with which achieved and maintained lowest levels of testosterone.

This article is a result of their own long-term observation of the patient treatment of inoperable cancer of the kidney. As first-line therapy pazopanib is used in standard dosage. The drug belongs to the new generation of drugs that block angiogenesis and having cytoreductive effect. During treatment, the stabilization of the disease. The results of treatment can be recommended for use pazopanib treatment of kidney cancer.

This paper analyzes the socio-economic losses due to mortality from breast cancer, based on life tables. During the analyzed years (2005 and 2010). There is an increase in the dynamics of the loss of man-years of life, both general and of working age and the growth rate of economic damage. According to 2005 and 2010. An elimination reserve growth of average life expectancy of a newborn girl on the assumption that all managed to eliminate breast cancer among the female population amounted to 0.1 and 0, 13 years old.

The article is devoted to the study of genetic background of postchemoradiation lung  injuries in breast cancer patients. Genetic determinism of inflammatory mediators content, fibrogenesis and oxidative stress and their role in the pneumofibrosis development were proved. The influence of genes MTHFR and MMP-12 in the development post chemoradiation pneumofibrosis was proved. During the mutation T/T mutation at position 667 of the MTHFR gene pulmonary fibrosis post chemoradiotherapy pneumofibrosis develops in 100% of cases, in patients with C/C genotype — only in 9%. Prescription of quercetin and thiotriazoline reduces the incidence of post chemo-radiation bronchitis and pneumonitis in 27%, lung sclerosis and fibrosis in 30%.

In article are presented the devices and characteristics of channel of epithermal neutrons created on nuclear reactor WWR-SM INP AS of RUz for medical and biologic researches. Realized medical and biologic researches on neutroncapture therapy are discussed. Developed for treatment of radio resistant malignant tumors the Gadolinium neutron capture therapy (GdNCT) is based on the nuclear capture and reactions that occur when 155Gd and 157Gd, which are nonradioactive constituents of natural elemental gadolinium, are irradiated by thermal neutrons with low energy 0.025 eV. In this article, results of scientific researches on development GdNCT in Uzbekistan are presented. The beam of epithermal neutrons with characteristics satisfying the all requirements of IAEA was received. Neutron kerma for biological tissues Kbt n=1,35•10–4 Gr/s and for 1 mg natural gadolinium in 1 g of biological tissues KGd n = 3,1•10–7 Gr/s for this beam was calculated. As gadolinium delivery agent the well-known pharmacological preparation Magnevist was chosen. For absorbed dose calculation, the Magnevist pharmacokinetics was studied after intratumoral injection in mice and intramuscular injection in rats. Results of researches of influence epithermal neutrons beam on binding ability of transport proteins of human blood, on tumor cells С-180 at mice and on surgical material of human stomach adenocarcinoma are presented. Planned scientific researches with application of this beam in Uzbekistan are summarized.

The tumor has different mechanisms capable of destroying the immunological protection. Population of regulatory cells, along with other factors provide “escape” of the tumor from immune surveillance. In our laboratory, we studied the features of quantitative changes of some subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in primary operable breast cancer (BC) and melanoma at different stages of tumor growth and in the process of tumor therapy. In 94.5% of patients with breast cancer were found to increase compared to the control amount of NKT-cells with the phenotype CD45+CD3+ CD16+CD56+, 78% increase in number of CD8+CD28– T-cells, and 20.5% increase in the number of patients Regulatory CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells. Was found to depend on changes in the number of these cells from the stage of the disease. Patients with stage I and II disease there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of CD8+CD28– T–cells and CD45+CD3+ CD16+CD56+ NKT-cells compared to the donor. At the same time in patients with stage III the number of cells of both populations declined and did not differ from the norm. Such dynamics of quantitative changes were typical for the main populations of effector cells antitumor immunity. In the evaluation of patients with disseminated melanoma was found that no increase in the number of cytotoxic CD45+CD8+CD11b+ T cells in the treatment dendritic cell vaccine (DCV) appears to be an indication to stop vaccine therapy, initially increased amount of CD3+CD8+CD16+. NKT-cells may serve as grounds for refusal of DCV. A brief description of the major co-receptor inhibitor of T-cells, and monoclonal antibodies that block the inhibitory molecule on immune and tumor cells in order to increase the efficiency of anti-tumor immune response. Encouraging clinical results have been obtained by using anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab), and anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) monoclonal antibodies.

The introduction of breast cancer screening programs worldwide led not only to the increase of non-invasive carcinoma and stage I breast cancer percentage but also to the redistribution of biological tumor subtypes in female population screened. The proportion of stage I breast cancer is only 21,4% in our country; biological and predictive value of tumor size (T1a, T1b and T1c) is still undefined. We analyzed clinical and morphological characteristics as well as tumor size prognostic value (T1a-c) for the recurrence and death from progression risk determination in 1341 breast cancer patients with stage I tumors. We revealed progressive increase of “small” tumors proportion (T1a and T1b) in stage I breast cancer population within the last 25 years. The percentage of microinvasive carcinomas raised from 0,3% to 4,3% while T1bN0M0 proportion increased from 8,7% to 22,1%; this is the evidence of early breast cancer diagnostics improvement. Stage I breast cancer is the heterogeneous group of tumors with favorable prognosis in case of T1a (≤5 mm) and more aggressive behavior in T1b (6–10 mm) and T1c (11–20 mm). Only T1a tumors have favorable biological profile (huge proportion of luminal A subtype) which reflects upon the long-term treatment results (minimum recurrences and cancer deaths, improved overall survival). Biological behavior of T1b and T1c tumors is more aggressive with high rates of ductal carcinoma, luminal B and triple negative subtypes which significantly worsen the prognosis. The  biology of “small” tumors should be considered when choosing the optimal adjuvant treatment algorithm for breast cancer patients.