Cholangiocarcinoma is a group of malignant tumors with signs of differentiation to bile ducts epithelium direction. There are three anatomical types of cholangiocarcinoma: intrahepatic, portal and distal. These types of tumors are different not only anatomically but have different epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and treatment.
Morbidity and mortality of cholangiocarcinoma have dramatically increased last few decades whereas survival remains low. Variations of cholangiocarcinoma are caused by different factors of risks in different geographic locations. There is information obtained in last few years about genetic transformations of cells of cholangiocarcinoma; moreover, there are carcinoma-dependent fibroblasts revealed in the stroma of cholangiocarcinoma that are stimulating growth of the tumor. There is substantial progress obtained in the understanding of oncogenesis of intrahepatic and portal cholangiocarcinoma. Patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma usually undergo resectional surgery
and neoadjuvant treatment with liver transplantation serve as a treatment of choice in cases of portal cholangiocarcinoma. This article is a review of the current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, points of views on the diagnostics and
treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.

Lung cancer (LC) is the most frequent malignant tumor and leading cause of death among oncological diseases worldwide. Mortality due to lung cancer is comparable with cumulative mortality due to prostate, colon and pancreatic cancer [10]. About 85% cases of LC are non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Although the operation is considered as the optimal treatment, only 25–30% cases of these tumors are potentially resectable. Five-year survival after surgical treatment for stage IA of NSCLC is 73% and for stage IIIA — is 25% [3]. Only 31–40% of patients who need adjuvant treatment receive it [5].

Thyroid cancer is one of the most widespreaded malignant endocrine tumors. Morbidity is constantly increasing in the world and in Russian Federation during last decade [1, 2]. So, in the United States marked annual increase of diagnosed cases of thyroid cancer by 6.4% with increasing of mortality by 0.9% [3]. In Russian Federation marked annual increase of diagnosed cases by 5.4% in 2003–2013. In 2013 in Russian Federation diagnosed 9624 new cases of thyroid cancer with morbidity 93.2 on 100 000 citizens [1]. Differentiated thyroid cancer is more than 90% of all cases of thyroid cancer [4].

In this study, based on the results of IHC of patients with reсurrence of breast cancer, the most often found molecular subtypes were analyzed and assessed their role in the development of local recurrence. Analysis of risk of recurrence of breast cancer was conducted in accordance with the molecular features of the tumor, which include the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor gene and the expression of human epidermal growth factor – HER2 / neu and proliferation activity index Ki 67. The study found that the majority of primary tumors, followed by recurrence are triple negative type (42%). Also we found the change in morphological parameters of recurrent tumor. Thus, in most cases of recurrence proliferative activity index increases by an average of 12%, about 30% of tumors have changed their morphological status.

Background
Neuroepithelial tumors are the most intractable to other types of cancer, especially in children and adolescents. One of the ways of increasing the efficacy of this type of tumors, the transition from group serves to a personalized therapy.
Objective
Develop and test version of the method in vitro evaluation of the sensitivity of neuroepithelial tumors cells to chemotherapy drugs and compare the characteristics of this method with other methods of determining the in vitro chemosensitivity of cells of different histological types of tumors.
Subjects and methods
For example, the primary cell cultures of intracranial tumors (ependymomas, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal and atypical rhabdoid teratoid neoplasias) children (90) at the age 7,4 ± 1,1 years, developed and tested uproschnny option the analysis of their individual susceptibility and resistivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Its essence consist of down to counting chamber Goryaeva proportion of dead (stained with trypan blue) and survivors (transparent) cells after their one-day exposure to cytotoxic drugs in doses that are close to the 50% lethal.
Results
Based on the gradation index of cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs and ex vivo evaluation of patients with cytotoxic drugs Supervision, according to accepted formulas were made calculations of sensitivity (67.2%), specificity (56.8%), positive (87.3%) and negative (26.6%) predictive value method.
Conclusion
The results were comparable to those of other more laborintensive methods, opening up the prospect of using this option for some of its technical development