At least for the past 25 years, mammography screening has been the official policy of the healthcare systems of European countries, North America and Australia. Seven huge randomized trials have shown a reduction of mortality from breast cancer (BC) by 20-35% in women 50-61 years old, accepted the invitation to mammography screening. At the same time, some epidemiologists and other researchers in biostatistics doubt the success of mammographic screening, considering "suboptimal" randomization in some of these studies. Nordic Cochrane Centre also does not recommend this strategy to reduce mortality from breast cancer. There is no doubt that the progress of adjuvant systemic therapy (chemo-, endocrine and targeted therapy) has reduced mortality from breast cancer. Therefore, the contribution of screening and systemic therapy in reducing mortality from breast cancer has evolved in favor of therapy. Nevertheless, mammography screening still should be recommended, especially for women 50-69 years old. This strategy is confirmed by the recomendations of the European Union, ESMO (2014), and ASCO (2014).

One of the most currently studied markers in oncology are receptors for fibroblast growth factor and their ligands. In this review we focus on the molecular processes that occur during the activation of receptors for fibroblast growth factor. And also consider the frequency of disorders of the expression of components of the signaling pathway of this receptor in various types of malignant diseases.

Relevance: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the bile ducts.

Aim: analysis of the first experience of radical and conditionally radical operations performed in MCSC during one year.

Materials and methods: Extended hepatectomies combined with resection of bile ducts and first segment performed in 18 patients with Klatskin tumor. Right hemihepatectomy performed in 8 patients, resection with caudal lobectomy – in 8 patients. The preoperative percutaneous right-sided selective portal embolisation using Celonova microspheres was performed in 5 patients. One patient with type II tumor according to Bismuth-Corlette classification underwent hemihepatectomy with a left caudal lobectomy and resection of the extrahepatic bile ducts using laparoscopic approach and DaVinci robotic system.

Results: The average volume of intraoperative blood loss was 705±616 ml (range 200 to 2000 ml). Postoperative III and IV grade complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification occurred in 13 patients (72%). Two patients (11%) died postoperatively. The cause of death in both observations was severe sepsis. Patients with R1 and R2-resections undergo adjuvant chemotherapy with no objective signs of progression. Patients with R0-resection are under observation with no signs of progression.

Conclusion: Late diagnosis, a high risk of postoperative complications requires a multidisciplinary approach at each stage of the treatment of Klatskin tumor.

Uveal melanoma is a tumor that has neuroectodermal origin and develops from melanocytes of uveal tract (choroid, ciliary body, iris). This disease is a rare variant of melanoma, accounting for about 3.5% of all reported cases of melanoma. In the treatment of metastatic melanoma has already achieved considerable success, tyrosine kinase inhibitors BRAF and MEK (vemurafenib, dabrafenib, trametinib, etc.) and monoclonal antibodies to block CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 (ipilimumab, lambrolizumab , nivolumab, etc.) are created and registered, and uveal melanoma scientists actively search for new targets for antitumor therapy.