To date, gastric cancer patients still have a poor prognosis. Current endoscopic or surgical treatment modalities are radical only for early gastric cancer (T1). Curability dramatically declines as tumor invasion progresses and lymph node metastasеs appear. In Europe and North America, the 5-year overall survival rate of patients with stage T2–4 cancer is 20 % [1]. Combination therapy for gastric cancer is being extensively studied to improve the treatment outcomes [2–6]. Currently, perioperative chemotherapy with FLOT regimen is the mainstay of resectable gastric cancer treatment in Europe. FLOT4-AIO randomized study has shown that the FLOT regimen was associated with significant increase in the median overall survival (50 versus 35 months), disease-free survival (18 versus 30 months) and R0 resection rate compared to ECF / ECХ regimen.
In this work we evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of perioperative FLOT regimen in patients with gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer type I–III cT4aN0M0, cT1–4N + M0, using a prospective database of patients treated at the N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center.

Purpose: to evaluate the efficacy of TGO (paclitaxel, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin) regimen as induction therapy for hematopoietic stem cells mobilization (HSC) before high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) in patients with recurrent nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT).

Patients and methods: the study enrolled patients with relapsed and/or refractory NSGCT after frontline chemotherapy. Modified TGO regimen (paclitaxel 100 mg/m² on day 1 + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m² on day 1 + oxaliplatin 130 mg/m² on day 1, once every 14 days) was administered with filgrastim support 10 mcg/kg subcutaneous from day 8 and until the completion of leukapheresis. Maximum 3 cycles of TGO regimen was administered. After harvesting the required volume of CD34+ cells, HDCT was initiated which consisted of 3 cycles of the CE regimen (carboplatin AUC8 on day 1–3 + etoposide 400 mg/m² on day 1–3) with further HSC autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).

Results: Five patients with NSGCT with poor IGCCCG prognosis according were enrolled. All of them received ifosfamide-containing chemotherapy as initial treatment. The required HSC were collected for three cycles of HDCT in all patients (100 %); in four (80 %) patients the required number of cells was collected after the 1st cycle of TGO. Four (80 %) patients started the HDCT phase, one patient prematurely terminated treatment due to the rapid progression. One patient who received full planned therapy demonstrated complete and durable tumor regression at the time of data analysis (with 37 months follow-up).

Conclusions: the TGO regimen can be used to collect PBSC from patients with relapsed and/or refractory NSGCT before HDCT, further study of this approach is required.

Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks 8th among cancers in women. It is a non-visualizable, non-screenable cancer with late onset of symptoms and diagnosis, which translates into low recurrence-free and overall survival rates. The 5-year survival decreases as the OC stage increases. The World Health Organization has predicted a 47 % increase in the OC incidence by 2040 to approximately 434,000 newly diagnosed cases and an annual 59 % increase in OC mortality (up to 293,000 cases). There are several difficulties in the current clinical, imaging, and intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis of OC. Patients seek medical attention when the disease has reached the advanced stage. However, specific treatment often starts late due to a long time between the first patient-physician contact and the histological verification of the diagnosis. It is vital to know the limitations and complexities of diagnostic tools, overcome them in routine practice, and use an interdisciplinary approach to the evaluation of their findings. Goal: to review the difficulties in making clinical, imaging, and intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis of OC based on Russian and worldwide literature data.
Materials and methods: articles focused on the diagnostic modalities for OC that had been published in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and eLIBRARY databases over the past 15 years were reviewed. The review outlines the limitations and difficulties in making clinical, imaging, and intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis of OC based on data from international publications and experience of gynecological oncologists and pathologists of the Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine.

Cancer patients may suffer from severe distress that results in low mood, lack of energy and fatigue, and reduces the effectiveness of treatment. For a favorable outcome, they need rehabilitation to help them cope with the psychological effects of cancer. A psycho-oncologist is a specialist who provides psychological support and care for cancer patients and their relatives.

The first studies demonstrating the efficacy of psychotherapy and rehabilitation in cancer patients were conducted in the last third of the 20th century both in Russia and overseas. Nowadays, available techniques used all over the world include cognitive behavioral therapy, art therapy, and creative visualization.

An analysis of the clinical manifestations of complications caused by the toxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of malignant neoplasms was carried out. The variety of clinical symptoms that develop against the background of chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms leads to difficulties in differential diagnosis of a primary neurological disease and the identification of complications during treatment. The severity of these complications depends on a number of factors, including the drug used, its dosage and duration of use, the use of various methods of combination therapy and radiation methods, as well as the presence of comorbid pathology in patients. A clear understanding of the mechanisms of development of neurotoxicity and timely diagnosis of such conditions is a priority task of modern clinical medicine Modern methods of treating patients with malignant neoplasms should be based on a multidisciplinary medical approach, including a set of measures to prevent unwanted toxic effects of treatment, stratify individual mortality risks and develop methods of rehabilitation and medical examination.

Phyllodes (phylloides) tumors of the breast are uncommon neoplasms accounting for not more than 1 % of all breast tumors. The disease occurs in women of any age, more often at 40–50 years. At early stage, the disease has no specific clinical symptoms or diagnostic signs. In particular, according to Wang Sh. (2017), the clinical diagnosis can be made in some cases only based on the histological examination of the excised material. We present our case report of a malignant phyllodes tumor.
A 50-year-old patient had been diagnosed with fibrocystic breast disease (FBD) in 2014. The patient was followed up for a long time, during which the disease was stable. A scheduled examination revealed an irregular lesion in the right breast consistent with fibroadenoma based on cytology findings. The mass had enlarged 4 times over 2 years of follow-up. The biopsy results showed a phyllodes tumor without signs of malignant growth.
Conclusion. Women presenting with a breast mass lesion require a multidisciplinary approach for treatment decision. Core needle biopsy with histological and immunohistochemical analyses is the method of choice for the morphological diagnosis of large, rapidly growing tumors. A proper diagnostic tool enables early diagnosis.