Russian consensus on prevention, diagnostics and treatment of gastric cancer. Issues of prevention, early diagnostics, and precancerous diseases
https://doi.org/10.18027/2224-5057-2025-053
Abstract
The Russian consensus on prevention, diagnostics and treatment of gastric cancer was prepared on the initiative of the Moscow clinical scientific center named after A. S. Loginov on the Delphi method. Its aim was to clarify and consolidate the opinions of specialists on the most relevant issues of prevention, diagnostics and treatment of gastric cancer. An interdisciplinary approach was provided by the participation of leading gastroenterologists, oncologists and surgeons.
About the Authors
S. R. AbdulkhakovRussian Federation
Abdulkhakov Sayyar Rustamovich
Build 1, 18 Kremlevskaya St., Kazan 420008
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
S. A. Alekseenko
Russian Federation
Alekseenko Sergey Alekseevich
35 St., Khabarovsk 680000
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
D. N. Andreev
Russian Federation
Andreev Dmitry Nikolaevich
Build. 1, 20 Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
N. V. Bakulina
Russian Federation
Bakulina Natalya Valerievna
41 Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
D. S. Bordin
Russian Federation
Bordin Dmitry Stanislavovich
Build. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya St., Moscow 111123
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
R. E. Izrailov
Russian Federation
Izrailov Roman Evgenievich
Build. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya St., Moscow 111123
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
V. A. Isakov
Russian Federation
Isakov Vasily Andreevich
2/14 Ustinsky Pr., Moscow 109240
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
S. A. Kurilovich
Russian Federation
175/1 Bogatkova St., Novosibirsk 630089
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
Yu. A. Kucheryavyy
Russian Federation
Kucheryavyy Yuriy Aleksandrovich
Build 24, 40 Krylatskaya St., Moscow 121609
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
M. A. Livzan
Russian Federation
Livzan Maria Anatolyevna
12 Lenina St., Omsk 644099
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
I. V. Maev
Russian Federation
Maev Igor Veniaminovich
Build. 1, 20 Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
S. V. Morozov
Russian Federation
Morozov Sergey Vladimirovich
2/14 Ustinsky Pr., Moscow 109240
Build. 1,2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
M. F. Osipenko
Russian Federation
Osipenko Marina Fedorovna
52 Red prospekt St., Novosibirsk 630091
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
V. D. Pasechnikov
Russian Federation
Pasechnikov Viktor Dmitrievich
65 A Komsomolskaya St., Stavropol 355035
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
N. E. Semenov
Russian Federation
Semenov Nikolay Evgenievich
Build. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya St., Moscow 111123
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
S. G. Khomeriki
Russian Federation
Build. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya St., Moscow 111123
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
V. V. Tsukanov
Russian Federation
Tsukanov Vladislav Vladimirovich
3G Partisan Zheleznyak St., Krasnoyarsk 660022
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
Yu. V. Embutnieks
Russian Federation
Embutnieks Yulia Viktorovna
Build. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya St., Moscow 111123
Competing Interests:
The authors declare that there are no possible conflicts of interest.
References
1. Pormohammad A., Mohtavinejad N., Gholizadeh P., et al. Global estimate of gastric cancer in Helicobacter pylori-in-fected population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cell Physiol 2019;234(2):1208-1218. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27114
2. Uemura N., Okamoto S., Yamamoto S., et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer. N Engl J Med 2001;345(ll):784-9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa001999
3. Hsu P.I., Lai K.H., Hsu P.N., et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric malignancy. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102(4):725-30. https://doi.Org/10.llll/j.1572-0241.2006.01109.x
4. Kamangar F., Qiao Y.L., Blaser M.J., et al. Helicobacter pylori and oesophageal and gastric cancers in a prospective study in China. BrJ Cancer 2007;96(l):172—6. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6603517
5. Matos J.I., de Sousa H.A., Marcos-Pinto R., Dinis-Ribeiro M. Helicobacter pylori CagA and VacA genotypes and gastric phenotype: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;25(12):1431—41. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e-328364b53e
6. Kpoghomou M.A., Wang J., Wang T., Jin G. Association of Helicobacter pylori babA2 gene and gastric cancer risk: ameta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020;20(l):465. https://doi.org/10.1186/sl2885-020-06962-7
7. Malfertheiner P., Megraud F., O’Morain C.A., et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V/ Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2017;66(l):6-30. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312288
8. Sugano K., Tack J., Kuipers E.J., et al. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut 2015;64(9):1353— 67. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309252
9. Pimentel-Nunes Р., Libanio D., Marcos-Pinto R., et al. Management of epithelial precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS II): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (EHMSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva (SPED) guideline update 2019. Endoscopy 2019;51(4):365-388. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0859-1883
10. Ivashkin V.T., Mayev I.V., Lapina T.L., et al. Diagnostics and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in adults: Clinical guidelines of the Russian gastroenterological association. Ross z gastroenterol gepatol koloproktol 2018;28(l):55-70 (In Russ.), https://doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2018-28-l-55-70
11. Ivashkin V.T., Mayev I.V., Kaprin A.D., et al. Early Detection of Oncological Diseases of the Digestive System (Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and the Russian Association of Oncologists for Primary Care Physicians). Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology 2019;29(5):53-74 (In Russ.), https://doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2019-29-5-53-74
12. Chiang T.H., Chang W.J., Chen S.L., et al. Mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori to reduce gastric cancer incidence and mortality: a long-term cohort study on Matsu Islands. Gut 2021;70(2):243-250. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322200
13. Liou J.M., Malfertheiner P., Lee Y.C., et al; Asian Pacific Alliance on Helicobacter and Microbiota (АРАНАМ). Screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori for gastric cancer prevention: the Taipei global consensus. Gut 2020;69(12):2093-2112. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322368
14. Pan K.F., Zhang L., Gerhard M., et al. A large randomised controlled intervention trial to prevent gastric cancer by eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Linqu County, China: baseline results and factors affecting the eradication. Gut 2016;65(1):9-18. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309197
15. Pimentel-Nunes P., Libanio D., Marcos-Pinto R., et al. Management of epithelial precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS II): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (EHMSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva (SPED) guideline update 2019. Endoscopy 2019;51(4):365-388. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0859-1883
16. Sugano K. Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the incidence of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastric Cancer 2019;22(3):435-445. https://doi.org/10.1007/sl0120-018-0876-0
17. Bang C.S., Baik G.H., Shin I.S., et al. Helicobacter pylori Eradication for Prevention of Metachronous Recurrence after Endoscopic Resection of Early Gastric Cancer. J Korean Med Sci 2015;30(6):749-56. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2015.30.6.749
18. Jung D.H., Kim J.H., Chung H.S., et al. Helicobacter pylori Eradication on the Prevention of Metachronous Lesions after Endoscopic Resection of Gastric Neoplasm: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015;10(4):e0124725. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124725
19. Yoon S.B., Park J.M., Lim С. H, et al. Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection of gastric tumors: a meta-analysis. Helicobacter 2014;19(4):243—8. https://doi.org/10.llll/hel.12146
20. Lee Y.C., Chiang T.H., Chou C.K., et al. Association Between Helicobacter pylori Eradication and Gastric Cancer Incidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2016;150(5):1113-1124.e5. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.01.028
21. Xiao S., Li S., Zhou L., et al. Helicobacter pylori status and risks of metachronous recurrence after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol 2019;54(3):226—237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-018-1513-8
22. Jung D.H., Lee Y.C., Kim J.H., et al. Postoperative Helicobacter pylori Infection as a Prognostic Factor for Gastric Cancer Patients after Curative Resection. Gut Liver 2017;ll(5):635—641. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnll6397
23. Kim Y.I., Cho S.J., Lee J.Y., et al. Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on Long-Term Survival after Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2016;48(3):1020-9. https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.264
24. Yoon K., Kim N., Kim J., et al. Dynamic Changes in Helicobacter pylori Status Following Gastric Cancer Surgery. Gut Liver 2017;ll(2):209-215. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnll6224
25. Miyashita T., Miwa K., Inokuchi M., et al. Spontaneous clearance of Helicobacter pylori after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2013;30(l):299-303. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2472
26. Zullo A., Hassan C., Romiti A., et al. Follow-up of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach: When, how and why. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2012;4(3):30-6. https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v4.i3.30
27. Park Y.H., Kim N. Review of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia as a premalignant lesion of gastric cancer. J Cancer Prev 2015;20(l):25-40. https://doi.Org/10.15430/JCP.2015.20.l.25
28. Gonzalez C.A., Sanz-Anquela J.M., Companioni O., et al. Incomplete type of intestinal metaplasia has the highest risk to progress to gastric cancer: results of the Spanish follow-up multicenter study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;31(5):953-8. https://doi.org/10.llll/jgh.13249
29. Banks M., Graham D., Jansen M., et al. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of patients at risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Gut 2019;68(9):1545-1575. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-318126
30. Dinis-Ribeiro M., Lopes C., da Costa-Pereira A., et al. A follow up model for patients with atrophic chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. J Clin Pathol 2004;57(2):177-82. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2003.11270
31. Mera R.M., Bravo L.E., Camargo M.C., et al. Dynamics of Helicobacter pylori infection as a determinant of progression of gastric precancerous lesions: 16-year follow-up of an eradication trial. Gut 2018;67(7):1239-1246. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311685
32. Pimentel-Nunes P., Libanio D., Marcos-Pinto R., et al. Management of epithelial precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS II): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (EHMSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva (SPED) guideline update 2019. Endoscopy 2019;51(4):365-388. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0859-1883
33. Yue H., Shan L., Bin L. The significance of OLGA and OLGIM staging systems in the risk assessment of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastric Cancer 2018;21(4):579-587. https://doi.org/10.1007/sl0120-018-0812-3
34. Shichijo S., Hirata Y., Niikura R., et al. Histologic intestinal metaplasia and endoscopic atrophy are predictors of gastric cancer development after Helicobacter pylori eradication. Gastrointest Endosc 2016;84(4):618-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.03.791
35. Take S., Mizuno M., Ishiki K., et al. Risk of gastric cancer in the second decade of follow-up after Helicobacter pylori eradication. J Gastroenterol 2020;55(3):281-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-019-01639-w
36. Hamashima C. Systematic Review Group and Guideline Development Group for Gastric Cancer Screening Guidelines. Update version of the Japanese Guidelines for Gastric Cancer Screening. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018;48(7):673-683. https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyy077
37. Kim G.H., Liang P.S., Bang S.J., Hwang J.H. Screening and surveillance for gastric cancer in the United States: Is it needed? Gastrointest Endosc 2016;84(l):18-28. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.02.028
38. Yao K., Uedo N., Kamada T., et al. Guidelines for endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Dig Endosc 2020;32(5):663-698. https://doi.org/10.llll/den.13684
39. Eusebi L.H., Telese A., Marasco G., et al. Gastric cancer prevention strategies: A global perspective. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;35(9):1495—1502. https://doi.org/10.llll/jgh.15037
40. Sugano K., Tack J., Kuipers E.J., et al; faculty members of Kyoto Global Consensus Conference. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut 2015;64(9):1353—67. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309252
41. Malfertheiner P., Megraud F., O’Morain C.A., et al; European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group and Consensus panel. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2017;66(l):6-30. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312288
42. Pimentel-Nunes P., Libanio D., Marcos-Pinto R., et al. Management of epithelial precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS II): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (EHMSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva (SPED) guideline update 2019. Endoscopy 2019;51(4):365-388. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0859-1883
43. Yamaguchi Y., Nagata Y., Hiratsuka R., et al. Gastric Cancer Screening by Combined Assay for Serum Anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG Antibody and Serum Pepsinogen Levels—The ABC Method. Digestion 2016;93(l):13-8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000441742
44. Huang Y.K., Yu J.C., Kang W.M., et al. Significance of Serum Pepsinogens as a Biomarker for Gastric Cancer and Atrophic Gastritis Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015;10(ll):e0142080. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142080
45. Sheu B.S., Wu M.S., Chiu C.T., et al. Consensus on the clinical management, screening-to-treat, and surveillance of Helicobacter pylori infection to improve gastric cancer control on a nationwide scale. Helicobacter 2017;22(3):el2368. https://doi.org/10.llll/hel.12368
46. Liou J.M., Malfertheiner P., Lee Y.C., et al; Asian Pacific Alliance on Helicobacter and Microbiota (АРАНАМ). Screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori for gastric cancer prevention: the Taipei global consensus. Gut 2020;69(12):2093-2112. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322368
47. Zhang X., Li M., Chen S., et al. Endoscopic Screening in Asian Countries Is Associated With Reduced Gastric Cancer Mortality: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. Gastroenterology 2018;155(2):347-354.e9. https://doi.Org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.04.026
48. Liu М., Не Z., Guo С., et al. Effectiveness of Intensive Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal Cancer in China: A Community-Based Study. AmJ Epidemiol 2019;188(4):776-784. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy291
49. Wei W.Q., Chen Z.F., He Y.T., et al. Long-Term Follow-Up of a Community Assignment, One-Time Endoscopic Screening Study of Esophageal Cancer in China. J Clin Oncol 2015;33(17):1951-7. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.58.0423
50. Chen R., Liu Y., Song G., et al. Effectiveness of one-time endoscopic screening programme in prevention of upper gastrointestinal cancer in China: a multicentre population-based cohort study. Gut 2021;70(2):251-260. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320200
51. Kim H., Hwang Y., Sung H., et al. Effectiveness of Gastric Cancer Screening on Gastric Cancer Incidence and Mortality in a Community-Based Prospective Cohort. Cancer Res Treat 2018;50(2):582-589. https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.048
52. Clinical Guidelines. Stomach cancer, 2020. Available at: https://oncology-association.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/rak_zheludka.pdf (In Russ.)
53. Wu C., Han R., Yang S., et al. A case-control study of microRNA polymorphisms in gastric cancer screening by SNP chip combined with time of flight mass spectrometry. Biomark Med 2020;14(16):1563-1572. https://doi.org/10.2217/bmm-2020-0003
54. Huang H.L., Leung C.Y., Saito E., et al. Effect and cost-effectiveness of national gastric cancer screening in Japan: amicrosimulation modeling study. BMC Med 2020;18(1):257. https://doi.org/10.1186/sl2916-020-01729-0
55. Ge X., Zhang X., Ma Y., et al. Diagnostic value of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 as a novel prognostic biomarkers for early gastric cancer screening. J Clin Lab Anal 2021;35(l):e23568. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.23568
56. Kapoor R., So J.B.Y., Zhu F., et al. Evaluating the Use of microRNA Blood Tests for Gastric Cancer Screening in a Stratified Population-Level Screening Program: An Early Model-Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Value Health 2020;23(9):1171-1179. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.04.1829
57. Shah S.C., Canakis A., Peek R.M. Jr, Saumoy M. Endoscopy for Gastric Cancer Screening Is Cost Effective for Asian Americans in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;18(13):3026-3039. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.07.031
58. Canakis A., Pani E., Saumoy M., Shah S.C. Decision model analyses of upper endoscopy for gastric cancer screening and preneoplasia surveillance: a systematic review. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020;13:1756284820941662. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756284820941662
59. Kim D.H., Shin N., Kim G.H., et al. Mucin expression in gastric cancer: reappraisal of its clinicopathologic and prognostic significance. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013;137(8):1047—53. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0193-OA
60. Martin F.C., Chenevix-Trench G., Yeomans N.D. Systematic review with meta-analysis: fundic gland polyps and proton pump inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016;44(9):915-925. https://doi.org/10.llll/apt.13800
61. Velazquez-Dohorn M., Lopez-Durand C.F., Candanedo-Gonzalez F., et al. Case-control analysis of fundic gland polyps and proton-pump inhibitors. A pathologist’s perspective. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) 2020;85(l):42-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgmx.2019.02.007
62. Yao T., Kajiwara M., Kuroiwa S., et al. Malignant transformation of gastric hyperplastic polyps: alteration of phenotypes, proliferative activity, andp53 expression. Hum Pathol 2002;33(10):1016-22. https://doi.org/10.1053/hupa.2002.126874
63. Straub S.F., Drage M.G., Gonzalez R.S. Comparison of dysplastic fundic gland polyps in patients with and without familial adenomatous polyposis. Histopathology 2018;72(7):1172—1179. https://doi.org/10.llll/his.13485
64. Chen Z.M., Scudiere J.R., Abraham S.C., Montgomery E. Pyloric gland adenoma: an entity distinct from gastric foveolar type adenoma. AmJ Surg Pathol 2009;33(2):186-93. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e31817d7ff4
65. Park D.Y., Srivastava A., Kim G.H., et al. Adenomatous and foveolar gastric dysplasia: distinct patterns of mucin expression and background intestinal metaplasia. Am J Surg Pathol 2008;32(4):524-33. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e31815b890e
66. Ueyama H., Matsumoto K., Nagahara A., et al. Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (chief cell predominant type). Endoscopy 2014;46(2):153-7. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1359042
67. Choi W.T., Brown I., Ushiku T., et al. Gastric pyloric gland adenoma: a multicentre clinicopathological study of 67 cases. Histopathology 2018;72(6):1007—1014. https://doi.org/10.llll/his.13460
68. WHO Classification of Tumours Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer (2020) 5th. Available from: https://tumourclassification.iarc.who.int
69. Kushima R., Kim K.M. Interobserver Variation in the Diagnosis of Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia and Carcinoma between Two Pathologists in Japan and Korea. J Gastric Cancer 2011;ll(3):141-5. https://doi.Org/10.5230/jgc.2011.ll.3.141
70. Rugge M., Cassaro M., Di Mario F.,et al; Interdisciplinary Group on Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia (IGGED). The long term outcome of gastric non-invasive neoplasia. Gut 2003;52(8):llll-6. https://doi.Org/10.1136/gut.52.8.llll
71. Bray F., Laversanne M., Sung H., et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA CancerJ Clin 2024;74:229-263. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21834
72. Sung Н., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA CancerJ Clin 2021;71:209-249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
73. Conti C.B., Agnesi S., Scaravaglio M., et al. Early Gastric Cancer: Update on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment. IntJ Environ Res Public Health 2023;20(3):2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032149.
Review
For citations:
Abdulkhakov S.R., Alekseenko S.A., Andreev D.N., Bakulina N.V., Bordin D.S., Izrailov R.E., Isakov V.A., Kurilovich S.A., Kucheryavyy Yu.A., Livzan M.A., Maev I.V., Morozov S.V., Osipenko M.F., Pasechnikov V.D., Semenov N.E., Khomeriki S.G., Tsukanov V.V., Embutnieks Yu.V. Russian consensus on prevention, diagnostics and treatment of gastric cancer. Issues of prevention, early diagnostics, and precancerous diseases. Malignant tumours. 2025;15(3):68-78. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18027/2224-5057-2025-053
 
                    
 
        



























 
             
  Email this article
            Email this article