Lithium as a coupling factor of mineral and glucose homeostasis disorders in malignant tumors of epithelial tissues

The impact of changes in orientation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and minerals in the cell malignancy has been demonstrated in several studies. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms and relationship of carbohydrate and mineral homeostasis with the processes of carcinogenesis. Parameters of carbohydrate and mineral metabolism of blood were defined in 73 patients with malignant tumors of epithelial tissues and 31 healthy subjects. In the presence of malignant tumors of epithelial tissues there was a statistically significant increase in the levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin in the early stages of the disease and the absence of them at stage IV of the disease. There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of C-peptide and immunoreactive insulin in blood samples of cancer patients, although they tended to increase compared with the control group. Analysis of the composition of macroelements at the early stages of carcinogenesis revealed a statistically significant reduction of sodium level in plasma which wasn’t observed at the terminal stage of the disease. The concentrations of potassium and chlorine tend to increase in cancer patients, but the differences between these parameters were not statistically significant. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium significantly increased in the presence of malignant tumors. Analysis of microelements in the blood plasma showed a decrease in the concentration of cuprum and lithium (in 2.5-5 times) and the growth of strontium concentrations. Lithium has multiple effects on the life of cells, affecting a number of elements of messengers, as well as being the link between the carbohydrate metabolism and cell malignancy. Disorders of mineral homeostasis are important element in the disintegration of the metabolic processes in carcinogenesis

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