Применение таргетной терапии в лечении пациентов с нейроэндокринными опухолями желудочнокишечного тракта и поджелудочной железы

Проблема нейроэндокринных опухолей (НЭО) стала углубленно изучаться только в последние годы. Возросшее внимание к ней обусловлено увеличением частоты обнаружения НЭО в связи с совершенствованием методов диагностики.

Ограниченная эффективность химиотерапии у высокодифференцированных распространенных метастатических НЭО желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ) и поджелудочной железы (ПЖ) подчеркивает необходимость поиска новых и более эффективных вариантов лекарственного лечения.

Недавние исследования специфических биологических особенностей НЭО привели к разработке новых целевых методов лечения, которые учитывают высокую васкуляризацию и гиперэкспрессию специфических факторов роста и родственных рецепторов тирозинкиназы. Таким образом, с изучением сигнальных путей mTOR TSC2, PTEN и PIK3CA открываются новые возможности в лечении пациентов с НЭО ЖКТ и ПЖ, особенно неоперабельных и метастатических форм. Таргетная терапия, которая специфически ингибирует рецепторы факторов роста и связанные с ними сигнальные пути, является многообещающим подходом лекарственного лечения НЭО ЖКТ и ПЖ.

В этом обзоре кратко изложено состояние и перспективы использования таргетной терапии, описаны клинические исследования в лечении НЭО ЖКТ и ПЖ.

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