Тотальная неоадъюватная терапия при местнораспространенном раке прямой кишки: обзор литературы

   Проблема лечения местно-распространенного рака прямой кишки (МРРПК) за последние десятилетия не теряет своей важности и актуальности в связи с неуклонным ростом заболеваемости. Длительное время стандартом лечения МРРПК является проведение пролонгированного курса химиолучевой терапии (ХЛТ) на фоне приема фторпиримидинов с последующим хирургическим лечением в объеме тотальной мезоректумэктомии (ТМЕ) и проведением адъювантной химиотерапии. Несмотря на достигнутые успехи лечения, частота рецидивов составляет 5–10 %. При этом не менее важной остается проблема отдаленного метастазирования, частота которого достигает 30 % и более и является основной причиной гибели данной категории пациентов. Следует также отметить, что полный курс адъювантной химиотерапии завершают около 50 % пациентов. Причинами этого могут быть послеоперационные осложнения, длительное восстановление после обширных хирургических вмешательств и др. Перспективным направлением в интенсификации предоперационного лечения и, в свою очередь, профилактикой отдаленного метастазирования явилось появление концепции тотальной неоадъювантной терапии (TNT — total neoadjuvant therapy). В данном обзоре будут рассмотрены основные этапы в эволюции лечения МРРПК и становление этапов тотальной неоадъювантной терапии.

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