tumorsMalignant tumoursMalignant tumours2224-50572587-6813Rosoncoweb10.18027/2224-5057-2014-3-97-102tumors-74Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL REPORTSРАК ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ И НАСЛЕДСТВЕННЫЕ СИНДРОМЫPROSTATE CANCER AND HEREDITARY SYNDROMESБелевН. Ф.BelevN. F.info@oncoprogress.ruБрегаД. Г.BregaD. G.info@oncoprogress.ruГоринчойГ. В.GorinchoiG. V.info@oncoprogress.ruИнститут онкологии, г. КишиневMoldova, Republic of2014210520150397102Copyright © Белев Н.Ф., Брега Д.Г., Горинчой Г.В., 20152015Белев Н.Ф., Брега Д.Г., Горинчой Г.В.Belev N.F., Brega D.G., Gorinchoi G.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/74

Цель исследования — оценить относительный риск рака предстательной  железы (РПЖ) и других (внепростатных)  опухолей в семьях больных с первично-множественными  злокачественными  новообразованиями   (ПМЗН) и с синдромом  наследственного неполипозного колоректального рака (HNPCC). Материалом для исследования  послужили данные регистра раковых семей,  включающий сведения  о 560 больных с ПМЗН, 126 семей с HNPCC и их родственников первой степени родства.  В качестве контроля служили популяционные частоты указанных заболеваний.

Среди 560 пробандов с ПМЗН было 217 (38.7%) мужчин и 343 (61.3%)  женщин. Только у 12 (2.1%) пациентов-мужчин одна из опухолей поражала  ПЖ. У них выявлены 24 опухоли. У двух  из них опухоли были синхронными, а у 10 — метахронными. У 8 пациентов с РПЖ вторые опухоли локализовались:  в прямой кишке (5), ободочной кишке (2) и мочевом  пузыре (1). В качестве  второй опухоли РПЖ наблюдали  у 4 пациентов:  у 3 с раком прямой кишки и у 1 — раком ободочной  кишки. Только у 2 (0.3%) пациентов первой опухолью был РПЖ. Клинико-генеалогические  сведения  удалось  получить у 543 пациентов  с ПМЗН, в том числе у 206 пробандов-мужчин.  Среди 3637 родственников первой степени родства пробандов с ПМЗН РПЖ выявлен  у 2 (0.11±2.3%), что в 1.7 раза превышает популяционный риск (0.063±0.0019%). Относительный  риск РПЖ для родственников  пациентов  из семей с синдромом  HNPCC составляет 0.8±6.3% и превышает таковой в контрольной  группе в 12.7 раз (р<0.05).  Проведена оценка относительного риска в семьях пробандов-мужчин. Среди 1460 родственников-мужчин с ПМЗН выявлен 1 (0.14%) случай РПЖ — у сына. В 42 семьях пробандов-мужчин  с синдромом  HNPCC РПЖ был выявлен у 2 (1.3%) братьев,  что превышает популяционный риск в 20.6 раза. Хотя молекулярный  механизм  и патогенез  РПЖ в описанных семьях остается неизвестным, его ассоциация с синдромом  HNPCC и, возможно, с синдромом полинеоплазий, очевидна. 

Высокий относительный риск заболеть  РПЖ для кровных родственников-мужчин пробандов с ПМЗН и синдромом  HNPCC предполагает наличие унаследованной генетически обусловленной предрасположенности  к развитию болезни.  Необходимы молекулярно-генетические исследования,  чтобы определить  генетическую основу подверженности к раку предстательной  железы в этих семьях. Не исключено, что это может быть связано с общими этиологическими факторами.

The aim of this study is to assess relative risk of prostate cancer (PC) and other tumors in families of patients with multiple primary malignancies (MPM) and the syndrome of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). The study is based on data from the cancer register of families that includes information on 560 patients with MPM, 126 families with HNPCC and their first-degree relatives. Incidence of these diseases in population served as the control.

Among 560 probands with PPN 217 (38.7%) were male and 343 (61.3%) – female. Only 12 (2.1%) male patients had tumor in the prostate. In these patients 24 tumors were identified. Two patients had synchronous tumors, other ten patients had metachronous. Eight patients with prostate cancer had tumors of other organs: 5 – in rectum, 2 – in colon and 1 – in bladder. As a second tumor prostate cancer was diagnosed in 4 patients, three of them had rectal cancer and one – colon cancer. Only 2 (0.3%) patients had prostate cancer as a primary tumor. Clinical and genealogical information achieved from 543 patients with MPM, including in 206 male probands. Among 3637 first-degree relatives of probands with MPM prostate cancer was diagnosed in 2  (0.11±2.3%) patients that was 1.7 times higher than in population (0.063±0.0019%). The relative risk of prostate cancer for relatives of patients from families with HNPCC syndrome was 0.8 ± 6.3% that was 12/7 times higher than  in the control group (p <0.05). The estimation of the relative risk in families of male probands was perfprmed. Among 1460 male relatives with MPM only 1 (0.14%) case of prostate cancer was diagnosed (son of proband). Among 42 families of male probands with HNPCC syndrome, prostate cancer was detected in 2 (1.3%) brothers that exceeds population risk 20.6 times. Although the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of prostate cancer in such families is unknown, its association with a HNPCC-syndrome and possibly MPM-syndrome is obvious.

Higher relative risk of developing prostate cancer for male relatives of probands with MPM and HNPCC syndrome presupposes inherited genetically determined predisposition to disease development. Further molecular and genetic studies are needed to determine the genetic basis of predisposition to prostate cancer in these families.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.