tumorsMalignant tumoursMalignant tumours2224-50572587-6813Rosoncoweb10.18027/2224-5057-2019-9-4-59-69tumors-687Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И АНАЛИТИКАREVIEWS AND ANALYSISМикросателлитная нестабильность как уникальная характеристика опухолей и предиктор эффективности иммунотерапииMicrosatellite instability as a unique characteristic of tumors and a predictor of response to immune therapyТрякинА. А.TryakinA.  A.

Алексей А. Трякин, д. м. н., главный научный сотрудник отделения клинической фармакологии и химиотерапии Москва

Alexey A. Tryakin, MD, PhD, DSc, Senior Researcher, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Chemotherapy Moscow

atryakin@mail.ruФедянинМ. Ю.FedyaninM.  Yu.

Михаил Ю. Федянин, д. м. н., старший научный сотрудник отделения клинической фармакологии и химиотерапииМосква

Mikhail Yu. Fedyanin, MD, PhD, DSc, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and ChemotherapyMoscow

ЦукановА. С.TsukanovA.  S.

Алексей С. Цуканов, д. м. н., заведующий кабинетом лабораторной генетикиМосква

Alexey S. Tsukanov, MD, PhD, DSc, Head of Laboratory GeneticsMoscow

ШелыгинЮ. А.ShelyginYu.  A.

Юрий А. Шелыгин, д. м. н., проф., академик РАН, директор Москва

Yury A. Shelygin, MD, PhD, DSc, Academician of the RAS, DirectorMoscow

ПокатаевИ. А.PokataevI.  A.

Илья А. Покатаев, к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник отделения клинической фармакологии и химиотерапииМосква

Ilya A. Pokataev, MD, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and ChemotherapyMoscow

ИгнатоваЕ. О.IgnatovaE.  O.

Екатерина О. Игнатова, к. м. н, старший научный сотрудник отделения клинической фармакологиии и химиотерапииМосква

Ekaterina O. Ignatova, MD, PhD, Senior Research Fellow at Department of Clinical Pharmacology and ChemotherapyMoscow

ХакимоваГ. Г.KhakimovaG.  G.

Гулноз Г. Хакимова, аспирант отделения химиотерапии и комбинированного лечения злокачественных опухолейМосква

Gulnoz G. Khakimova, postgraduate student, Department of Chemotherapy and Combined Treatment of Malignant TumorsMoscow

ФроловаМ. А.FrolovaM.  A.

Мона А. Фролова, к. м. н, старший научный сотрудник отделения клинической фармакологиии и химиотерапииМосква

Mona A. Frolova, MD, PhD, Senior Research Fellow at Department of Clinical Pharmacology and ChemotherapyMoscow

ТюляндинС. А.TjulandinS.  A.

Сергей А. Тюляндин, д. м. н., профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, заведующий отделением клинической фармакологиии и химиотерапииМосква

Sergei A. Tjulandin, MD, PhD, DSc, Prof, Deputy Director for Research, Head of Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Chemotherapy Moscow

ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; НИИ онкологии Башкирского Государственного медицинского университетаРоссияN. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology; Research Institute of Oncology of Bashkir State Medical InstituteRussian FederationФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава РоссииРоссияN. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of OncologyRussian FederationФГБУ «ГНЦК им. А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава РоссииРоссияState Research Center for Coloproctology named after A. N. RyzhikhRussian Federation201903032020945969Copyright © Трякин А.А., Федянин М.Ю., Цуканов А.С., Шелыгин Ю.А., Покатаев И.А., Игнатова Е.О., Хакимова Г.Г., Фролова М.А., Тюляндин С.А., 20202020Трякин А.А., Федянин М.Ю., Цуканов А.С., Шелыгин Ю.А., Покатаев И.А., Игнатова Е.О., Хакимова Г.Г., Фролова М.А., Тюляндин С.А.Tryakin A.A., Fedyanin M.Y., Tsukanov A.S., Shelygin Y.A., Pokataev I.A., Ignatova E.O., Khakimova G.G., Frolova M.A., Tjulandin S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/687

Дефицит системы репарации неспаренных оснований представляет собой уникальное молекулярное нарушение, встречающееся в большинстве видах опухолей и проводящее к формированию в них микросателлитной нестабильности (MSI). Возникновение гипермутированного фенотипа и связанная с ним высокая иммуногенность обуславливает в целом более благоприятный прогноз данных опухолей, а также высокую чувствительность к иммунотерапии ингибиторами контрольных точек иммунного ответа. В данной обзорной статье представлены современные представления по диагностике, прогностической и предиктивной значимости MSI при различных опухолях, а также об эффективности их иммунотерапии.

Deficiency of the mismatch repair system is a unique molecular disorder that occurs in most types of tumors and leads to development of microsatellite instability (MSI) in them. The development of a hypermutated phenotype and related high immunogenicity are typically associated with more favorable prognosis as well as a high sensitivity to immunotherapy with inhibitors of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review presents the current views on the diagnosis, prognostic and predictive significance of MSI in various tumors, as well as their response to immunotherapy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.