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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Malignant tumours</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Malignant tumours</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-5057</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6813</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rosoncoweb</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18027/2224-5057-2019-9-3-57-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tumors-674</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стереотаксическая лучевая терапия экстракраниальных метастазов почечно-клеточного рака в комбинации с ингибиторами тирозинкиназы и иммунотерапией: первые результаты клинического исследования ib фазы (VOLGA STUDY)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phase 1b multicenter study of the safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy for extracranial renal cell carcinoma metastases in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or checkpoint inhibitors (VOLGA STUDY).</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деньгина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dengina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья В. Деньгина - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая радиологическим отделением ГУЗ «Областной клинический онкологический диспансер», доцент кафедры онкологии и радиологии медицинского факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Dengina - MD, PhD, Head of Radiotherapy Department, Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Cancer Center, assistant professor at the Oncology and Radiology Department, medical faculty of USU.</p><p>Ulyanovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">indigo.radonc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митин</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitin</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимур В. Митин - доктор медицинских наук, отделение радиационной медицины.</p><p>Портленд</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timur V. Mitin - MD, PhD, DSc, Radiation Medicine.</p><p>Portland</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамаюнов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamayunov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей В. Гамаюнов - кандидат медицинских наук, хирург-онколог, заведующий отделением лучевого и хирургического методов лечения заболеваний торакальной области, МРНЦ им. А.Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России,</p><p>Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Gamayunov - MD, PhD, Oncology surgeon, Head Department of Thoracic Radiation Therapy and Surgery.</p><p>Obninsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафина</surname><given-names>С. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safina</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суфия З. Сафина - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением химиотерапии.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sufia Z. Safina - MD, PhD, Head of Medical Oncology Department.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крейнина</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kreinina</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия М. Крейнина - доктор медицинских наук, врач-онколог, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории инновационных технологий радиотерапии и химио-лучевого лечения злокачественных новообразований.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia M. Kreinina - MD, PhD, DSc, Oncologist, Leading Research Associate Laboratory of Innovative Technology in the Radiation Therapy and Chemo-Radiation Therapy of Malignancies.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsimafeyeu</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья В. Тимофеев – директор.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Tsimafeyeu - MD, Director.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУЗ Областной клинический онкологический диспансер</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Cancer Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Здоровья и Науки Орегона</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Oregon Health and Science University</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МРНЦ им. А.Ф. Цыба — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦрадиологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical Radiology Research Centre named after A. F. Tsyb — Branch of the National Medical Research Centre of Radiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ «Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер» МЗ Республики Татарстан</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republic Clinical Cancer Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen Radiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Бюро по изучению рака почки</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kidney Cancer Research Bureau</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Деньгина Н.В., Митин Т.В., Гамаюнов С.В., Сафина С.З., Крейнина Ю.М., Тимофеев И.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Деньгина Н.В., Митин Т.В., Гамаюнов С.В., Сафина С.З., Крейнина Ю.М., Тимофеев И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dengina N.V., Mitin T., Gamayunov S.V., Safina S., Kreinina Y.M., Tsimafeyeu I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/674">https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/674</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. С внедрением таргетной терапии появились первые результаты исследований о возможном повышении чувствительности клеток почечно-клеточного рака (ПКР) к облучению при предварительном воздействии таргетными препаратами. Также данные ретроспективных наблюдений и описанные клинические случаи свидетельствуют о возможном противоопухолевом эффекте лучевой терапии в комбинации с ингибиторами тирозинкиназы или чекпойнт-ингибиторами.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить безопасность и предварительную эффективность стереотаксической лучевой терапии (SBRT) у пациентов с экстракраниальными метастазами почечно-клеточного рака, получающих стандартную таргетную терапию или иммунотерапию ингибиторами контрольных точек.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. В проспективное клиническое исследование Ib фазы были включены 17 больных ПКР (14 мужчин и 3 женщины) в возрасте от 32 до 72 лет (средний возраст — 54,5±22,5 лет), которые получали лечение ингибиторами тирозинкиназы (n=12) или иммунотерапию ниволумабом (n=5). Исходное обследование включало компьютерную томографию (КТ) с контрастированием, при котором выбирались 2 измеряемых метастатических очага (исследуемый и контрольный), стабильных на протяжении не менее 4 месяцев, расположенных в одном и том же органе. SBRT проводилась на исследуемые очаги, расположенные в следующих органах: легкие (n=5), кости (n=4), лимфоузлы (n=4), печень (n=1); одному пациенту производилось облучение первичной опухоли почки, а у двоих больных облучались рецидивные очаги в ложе удаленного органа. Эквивалентная доза (EQD) при α / β = 2,6 для ПКР составила в среднем 114 Гр (40-276 Гр). Контрольные очаги оставались под наблюдением. Контрольное обследование (КТ с контрастированием и последующей оценкой размеров контрольного и исследуемого очагов в 3 измерениях) производилось не ранее чем через 2 месяца с момента окончания SBRT. Также выполнялась стандартная для лекарственной терапии оценка состояния других метастатических очагов по критериям RECIST 1.1.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Средний период наблюдения составил 8 месяцев (от 3 до 18 месяцев). Из осложнений отмечены эзофагит 1 степени и кожная эритема. По данным контрольной КТ у 13 пациентов (76%) был зарегистрирован объективный ответ в облучаемых очагах: у 5 (29%) зафиксирована полная регрессия, а у 8 (47%) — частичный ответ, включая развитие абскопального эффекта у 1 больного. Размеры контрольных очагов оставались стабильными у большинства пациентов (16), хотя у одного больного в дальнейшем отмечен рост контрольного очага при частичном регрессе облученного метастаза. Различия в объективных ответах со стороны облученных и контрольных очагов, оцененным по среднему суммарному размеру до лечения и спустя минимум 2 месяца после SBRT, были статистически достоверны (p&lt;0,01), при этом наилучшие результаты (полный ответ) были получены при облучении в дозе не менее 10 Гр за фракцию (p&lt;0,01).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. SBRT при хорошей переносимости на фоне лечения таргетными препаратами или иммунотерапии позволяет эффективно воздействовать на экстракраниальные метастатические очаги почечно-клеточной карциномы, приводя к развитию как частичной, так и полной регрессии облученной опухоли у большинства пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and checkpoint inhibitors (CI) have been established as effective treatment for mRCC, but only a minority of patients achieves complete response and additional strategies are necessary to improve the efficacy of these agents. We have designed a prospective phase 1b «Volga» study to determine the safety and efficacy of extracranial SBRT in patients with clear-cell mRCC.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Patients were included if they had stable disease for at least 4 months on TKI or CI. SBRT was delivered to an organ with multiple comparable lesions, where one lesion was in the treatment target (target lesion) and the other lesion was intentionally left untreated (control lesion). Dose of radiation and number of fractions were determined based on target lesion localization and the proximity of organs at risk. Response in both target and control lesions was scored using RECIST 1.1 criteria at least 2 months after completion of SBRT. Primary endpoint was the rate of adverse events of SBRT and secondary endpoints included the rate of reduction in target lesion size and time to progression of the first (target) and the second (control) lesions.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 17 patients were enrolled since November 2016 (14 men and 3 women, median age — 54,5 years old, range 32 -72), 6 of them initially were diagnosed with metastatic RCC and the reminders developed distant metastases within 6 months — 5 years since radical nephrectomy. Twelve patients received TKI and 5 received nivolumab. SBRT was delivered to lungs (n=5), bones (n=4), lymph nodes (n=4), liver (n=1), primary RCC (n=1), and locally recurrent RCC (n=2). Equivalent Dose (EQD) with alpha/beta ratio of 2.6 was 114 Gy (range, 40-276 Gy). With a median follow-up of 8 months (range, 3 -18), cumulative rate of SBRT-related toxicity (grade 1) was 12 % (n=2), consisting of esophagitis (n=1) and skin erythema (n=1). No grade 2 or higher toxicity was detected. Radiographic response in the target lesion was seen in 13 patients (76 %), with complete response in 5 (29 %) patients and partial response in 8 (47 %) including abscopal effect in 1 patient. Control lesions remained stable in 16 patients. The difference between response in target and control lesions as judged by mean sizes of these lesions before and at 2 months after SBRT was statistically significant (p&lt;0.01). Fraction size of equal to or greater than 10 Gy was associated with complete response in the target lesion (p&lt;0.01).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Extracranial SBRT in patients with mRCC treated with TKI or CI is well tolerated and could be effective. This approach will be studied in an expanded cohort of patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метастатический почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>стереотаксическая лучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metastatic renal-cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>stereotactic body radiotherapy</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsimafeyeu I, Zolotareva T, Varlamov S, et al. Five-year Survival of Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Russian Federation: Results From the RENSUR5 Registry. ClinGenitourin Cancer. 2017 Dec;15 (6):e1069-e1072.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsimafeyeu I, Zolotareva T, Varlamov S, et al. 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