<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Malignant tumours</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Malignant tumours</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-5057</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6813</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rosoncoweb</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18027/2224-5057-2019-9-3-12-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tumors-669</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-морфологические и молекулярнобиологические предикторы метастатического поражения регионарных лимфатических узлов у больных раком молочной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical, morphological and molecular predictors of metastatic regional lymph node involvement in breast cancer patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дергунова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dergunova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия А. Дергунова - врач-патологоанатом патологоанатомического отделения.</p><p>Ульяновск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Dergunova - MD, pathologist, Department of Pathomorphology.</p><p>Ulyanovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dergunova.yu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родионов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodionov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерий В. Родионов - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделением патологии молочной железы.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery V. Rodionov - MD, PhD, Head of the Breast Pathology Department.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.valery.rodionov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кометова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kometova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Влада В. Кометова - кандидат медицинских наук старший научный сотрудник патолого-анатомического отделения.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vlada V. Kometova - MD, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Morbid Anatomy.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladakometova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУЗ Областной клинический онкологический диспансер</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Cancer Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дергунова Ю.А., Родионов В.В., Кометова В.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дергунова Ю.А., Родионов В.В., Кометова В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dergunova Y.A., Rodionov V.V., Kometova V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/669">https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/669</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В данной статье изложены результаты собственного исследования, целью которого стал поиск предикторов метастатического поражения регионарных лимфатических узлов на основании биологических характеристик первичной опухоли.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 200 пациенток с морфологически верифицированным уницентричным инвазивным раком молочной железы (РМЖ) ^-4N0-3M0, пролеченных в ГУЗ «Областной клинический онкологический диспансер» г. Ульяновска с 2012 по 2015 год. Анализ основан на клинико-морфологических и молекулярно-биологических параметрах опухоли.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По данным однофакторного статистического анализа было выявлено, что размер первичного опухолевого узла (р=0,027), гистологический вариант (р&lt;0,001), степень злокачественности (р=0,027), суммарный балл злокачественности (СБЗ, р&lt;0,001), лимфоваскулярная инвазия (р&lt;0,001) и HER2-статус (р=0,0002) являются предикторами метастатического поражения лимфатических узлов. Возраст (p=0,118), статус эстрогеновых рецепторов (ЭР, p=0,092), статус прогестероновых рецепторов (ПР, р=0,081), индекс Ki-67 (р=0,132), молекулярно-биологические подтипы (р=0,213) не имели статистически значимой связи с наличием метастазов в подмышечных лимфатических узлах.</p></sec><sec><title>Вывод</title><p>Вывод. Размер первичного опухолевого узла, гистологический вариант, степень злокачественности, СБЗ, лимфоваскулярная инвазия и HER2-статус первичной опухоли являются независимыми факторами риска метастатического поражения регионарных лимфоузлов и могут быть использованы клиницистами при планировании аксиллярной хирургии у больных РМЖ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The article presents the results of our study aimed to identify predictors of metastatic regional lymph node involvement based on the biological characteristics of the primary tumor.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study involved 200 female patients with histologically verified unicentric invasive breast cancer (BC) T1-4N0-3M0 who were treated in the state healthcare institution Regional Clinical Cancer Center of Ulyanovsk between 2012 and 2015. Clinical, morphological and molecular parameters of the tumor were analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A unifactorial statistical analysis has shown that the size of the primary tumor node (p = 0.027), histological variant (p &lt; 0.001), malignancy grade (p = 0.027), total malignancy score (TMS, p &lt; 0.001), lymphovascular invasion status (p &lt; 0.001), and HER2-status (p = 0.0002) are predictors of metastatic lymph node involvement. No significant relationship was found between age (p = 0.118), estrogen receptor status (ER, p = 0.092), progesterone receptor status (PR, p = 0.081), Ki-67 index (p = 0.132), molecular subtype of the tumor (p = 0.213) and presence of axillary lymph node metastases.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The primary tumor size, histological variant, malignancy grade, TMS, lymphovascular invasion, and HER2-status are independent risk factors of metastatic involvement of regional lymph nodes and may be used by clinicians for axillary surgery planning in BC patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>лимфаденэктомия</kwd><kwd>лимфатический узел</kwd><kwd>метастазы в лимфатических узлах</kwd><kwd>предикторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>lymphadenectomy</kwd><kwd>lymph node</kwd><kwd>lymph node metastases</kwd><kwd>predictors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2017 году (заболеваемость и смертность). Под ред. А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, Г.В. Петровой — М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2018. 250 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2017 году (заболеваемость и смертность). Под ред. А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, Г.В. Петровой — М.: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, 2018. 250 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petrek J.A., Senie R.T., Peters M., Rosen P.P. Lymphedema in a cohort of breast carcinoma survivors 20 years after diagnosis. Cancer 2001;92 (6):1368-77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrek J.A., Senie R.T., Peters M., Rosen P.P. Lymphedema in a cohort of breast carcinoma survivors 20 years after diagnosis. Cancer 2001;92 (6):1368-77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silberman A.W., McVay C., Cohen J.S., Altura J.F., Brackert S., Sarna G.P. et al. Comparative morbidity of axillary lymph node dissection and the sentinel lymph node technique: Implications for patients with breast cancer. Ann Surg 2004; 240 (1): 1-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silberman A.W., McVay C., Cohen J.S., Altura J.F., Brackert S., Sarna G.P. et al. Comparative morbidity of axillary lymph node dissection and the sentinel lymph node technique: Implications for patients with breast cancer. Ann Surg 2004; 240 (1): 1-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilke L.G., McCall L.M., Posther K.E., Whitworth P.W., Reintgen D.S., Leitch A.M., et al. Surgical complications associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy: results from a prospective international cooperative group trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13 (4): 491-500.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilke L.G., McCall L.M., Posther K.E., Whitworth P.W., Reintgen D.S., Leitch A.M., et al. Surgical complications associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy: results from a prospective international cooperative group trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13 (4): 491-500.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mansel R.E., Fallowfield L., Kissin M., Goyal A., Newcombe R.G., Dixon J.M., et al. Randomized multicenter trial of sentinel node biopsy versus standard axillary treatment in operable breast cancer: The ALMANAC Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98 (9): 599-609.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mansel R.E., Fallowfield L., Kissin M., Goyal A., Newcombe R.G., Dixon J.M., et al. Randomized multicenter trial of sentinel node biopsy versus standard axillary treatment in operable breast cancer: The ALMANAC Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98 (9): 599-609.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher B., Jeong J.H., Anderson S., Bryant J., Fisher E.R., Wolmark N. Twenty-Five-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Trial Comparing Radical Mastectomy, Total Mastectomy, and Total Mastectomy Followed by Irradiation. N. Engl. Med 2002; 347 (8): 567-575.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher B., Jeong J.H., Anderson S., Bryant J., Fisher E.R., Wolmark N. Twenty-Five-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Trial Comparing Radical Mastectomy, Total Mastectomy, and Total Mastectomy Followed by Irradiation. N. Engl. Med 2002; 347 (8): 567-575.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orr R.K. The impact of prophylactic axillary node dissection on breast cancer survival: a Bayesian meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 1999; 6109: 116-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orr R.K. The impact of prophylactic axillary node dissection on breast cancer survival: a Bayesian meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 1999; 6109: 116-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giuliano A.E., Hunt K.K., Ballman K.V., Beitsch P.D., Whitworth P.W., Blumencranz P.W., et al. Axillary Dissection vs No Axillary Dissection in Women With Invasive Breast Cancer and Sentinel Node Metastasis. JAMA. 2011; 305 (6): 569-575.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giuliano A.E., Hunt K.K., Ballman K.V., Beitsch P.D., Whitworth P.W., Blumencranz P.W., et al. Axillary Dissection vs No Axillary Dissection in Women With Invasive Breast Cancer and Sentinel Node Metastasis. JAMA. 2011; 305 (6): 569-575.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah-Khan M., Boughey J.C. Evolution of axillary nodal staging in breast cancer: clinical implications of the ACOSOG Z0011 trial. Cancer Control 2012; 19: 267-276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah-Khan M., Boughey J.C. Evolution of axillary nodal staging in breast cancer: clinical implications of the ACOSOG Z0011 trial. Cancer Control 2012; 19: 267-276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Занкин В.В., Родионов В.В., Хайруллин Р.М., Кометова В.В. Гистологическая степень злокачественности эпителиальных опухолей как фактор прогноза их рецидивирования и метастазирования после радикального лечения (взгляд патоморфолога на клинические проблемы). Материалы VI Российской научно-практической конференции «Модниковские чтения». Ульяновск, 2009; 48-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Занкин В.В., Родионов В.В., Хайруллин Р.М., Кометова В.В. Гистологическая степень злокачественности эпителиальных опухолей как фактор прогноза их рецидивирования и метастазирования после радикального лечения (взгляд патоморфолога на клинические проблемы). Материалы VI Российской научно-практической конференции «Модниковские чтения». Ульяновск, 2009; 48-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кометова В.В., Родионов В.В., Занкин В.В., Даньшина А.В., Дергунова Ю.А. О корреляции пролиферативного индекса Ki-67 с некоторыми клинико-морфологическими показателями первичной опухоли и регионарных метастазов у пациенток с инвазивным раком молочной железы. Ульяновский медико-биологический журнал. 2014, №4:18-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кометова В.В., Родионов В.В., Занкин В.В., Даньшина А.В., Дергунова Ю.А. О корреляции пролиферативного индекса Ki-67 с некоторыми клинико-морфологическими показателями первичной опухоли и регионарных метастазов у пациенток с инвазивным раком молочной железы. Ульяновский медико-биологический журнал. 2014, №4:18-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Родионов В.В, Занкин В.В., Аюпова С.Р., Алиева Р.М. Клинико-морфологические предикторы метастатического поражения регионарных лимфоузлов у больных раком молочной железы. Ульяновский медико-биологический журнал. 2012, № 3:85-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Родионов В.В, Занкин В.В., Аюпова С.Р., Алиева Р.М. Клинико-морфологические предикторы метастатического поражения регионарных лимфоузлов у больных раком молочной железы. Ульяновский медико-биологический журнал. 2012, № 3:85-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Родионов В.В., Панченко С.В., Идрисова С.Р., Кометова В.В., Савинов Ю.Г. Номограмма для прогнозирования вероятности метастатического поражения регионарных лимфатических узлов у больных раком молочной железы. Вопросы онкологии. 2015; 61 (3): 435-438.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Родионов В.В., Панченко С.В., Идрисова С.Р., Кометова В.В., Савинов Ю.Г. Номограмма для прогнозирования вероятности метастатического поражения регионарных лимфатических узлов у больных раком молочной железы. Вопросы онкологии. 2015; 61 (3): 435-438.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kometova V., Rodionov V., Dergunova Y., Rodionova M. The expression and significance of Ki-67 in the primary tumour and lymph nodes metastases in breast cancer patients. Virchow Arch. 2016; 469 (suppl1): 50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kometova V., Rodionov V., Dergunova Y., Rodionova M. The expression and significance of Ki-67 in the primary tumour and lymph nodes metastases in breast cancer patients. Virchow Arch. 2016; 469 (suppl1): 50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kometova V., Rodionov V., Idrisova S., Dergunova Y., Rodionova M. Pathological predictors of axillary lymph node metastases in women with breast cancer. Virchow Arch. 2017; 471 (suppl1): 57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kometova V., Rodionov V., Idrisova S., Dergunova Y., Rodionova M. Pathological predictors of axillary lymph node metastases in women with breast cancer. Virchow Arch. 2017; 471 (suppl1): 57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kometova V., Rodionov V., Rodionova M., Dergunova Y., Panchenko S. New prognostic integrated pathological index in breast cancer patients. Virchow Arch. 2017; 471 (suppl1): 57</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kometova V., Rodionov V., Rodionova M., Dergunova Y., Panchenko S. New prognostic integrated pathological index in breast cancer patients. Virchow Arch. 2017; 471 (suppl1): 57</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodionov V., Cometova V., Panchenko S. A new nomogram to predict axillary metastasis in breast cancer patients without axillary surgery. Cancer research. 2015; 75 (9): Р2-01-30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodionov V., Cometova V., Panchenko S. A new nomogram to predict axillary metastasis in breast cancer patients without axillary surgery. Cancer research. 2015; 75 (9): Р2-01-30</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher B., Slack N.H., Bross I.D. Cancer of the breast: size of neoplasm and prognosis. Cancer 1969; 24 (5): 1071-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher B., Slack N.H., Bross I.D. Cancer of the breast: size of neoplasm and prognosis. Cancer 1969; 24 (5): 1071-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chua B., Ung O., Taylor R. Boyages J. Frequency and predictors of axillary lymph node metastases in invasive breast cancer.ANZ JSurg 2001;71 (12):723-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chua B., Ung O., Taylor R. Boyages J. Frequency and predictors of axillary lymph node metastases in invasive breast cancer.ANZ JSurg 2001;71 (12):723-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen M., Palleschi S., Khoynezhad A. Gecelter G., Marini C.P., Simms H.H. Role of primary breast cancer characteristics in predicting positive sentinel lymph node biopsy results: a multivariate analysis. Arch Surg 2002;137 (5): 606-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen M., Palleschi S., Khoynezhad A. Gecelter G., Marini C.P., Simms H.H. Role of primary breast cancer characteristics in predicting positive sentinel lymph node biopsy results: a multivariate analysis. Arch Surg 2002;137 (5): 606-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harden S.P., Neal A.J., Al Nasiri N., Ashley S., Querci della Rovere G. Predicting axillary lymph node metastases in patients with T1 infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. Breast 2001; 10 (2): 155-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harden S.P., Neal A.J., Al Nasiri N., Ashley S., Querci della Rovere G. Predicting axillary lymph node metastases in patients with T1 infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. Breast 2001; 10 (2): 155-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brenin D.R., Manasseh D.M., El-Tamer M., Troxel A., Schnabel F., Ditkoff B.A., et al. Factors correlating with lymph node metastases in patients with T1 breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2001; 8 (5):432-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brenin D.R., Manasseh D.M., El-Tamer M., Troxel A., Schnabel F., Ditkoff B.A., et al. Factors correlating with lymph node metastases in patients with T1 breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2001; 8 (5):432-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anan K., Mitsuyama S., Tamae K., Nishihara K., Iwashita T., Abe Y., et al. Axillary lymph node metastases in patients with small carcinomas of the breast: Is accurate prediction possible? Eur J Surg 2000; 166 (8): 610-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anan K., Mitsuyama S., Tamae K., Nishihara K., Iwashita T., Abe Y., et al. Axillary lymph node metastases in patients with small carcinomas of the breast: Is accurate prediction possible? Eur J Surg 2000; 166 (8): 610-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amrut V. Ashturkar, Gayatri S. Pathak., Sanjay D. Deshmukh, Harshal T. Pandave. Factors Predicting the Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer: Is Axillary Node Clearance Indicated in Every Breast Cancer Patient? Indian J Surg. 2011; 73 (5): 331-335.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amrut V. Ashturkar, Gayatri S. Pathak., Sanjay D. Deshmukh, Harshal T. Pandave. Factors Predicting the Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer: Is Axillary Node Clearance Indicated in Every Breast Cancer Patient? Indian J Surg. 2011; 73 (5): 331-335.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qiu S.Q., Zeng H.C., Zhang F., Chen C., Huang W.H., Pleijhuis R.G., et al. A nomogram to predict the probability of axillary lymph node metastasis in early breast cancer patients with positive axillary ultrasound. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 21196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qiu S.Q., Zeng H.C., Zhang F., Chen C., Huang W.H., Pleijhuis R.G., et al. A nomogram to predict the probability of axillary lymph node metastasis in early breast cancer patients with positive axillary ultrasound. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 21196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papadatos G., Rangan A. M., Psarianos T., Ung O., Taylor R., Boyages J. Probability of axillary node involvement in patients with tubular carcinoma of the breast. Br J Surg 2001; 88 (6): 860-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papadatos G., Rangan A. M., Psarianos T., Ung O., Taylor R., Boyages J. Probability of axillary node involvement in patients with tubular carcinoma of the breast. Br J Surg 2001; 88 (6): 860-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiechmann L., Sampson M., Stempel M., Jacks L.M., Patil S.M., King T., et al. Presenting features of breast cancer differ by molecular subtype. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16 (10): 2705-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiechmann L., Sampson M., Stempel M., Jacks L.M., Patil S.M., King T., et al. Presenting features of breast cancer differ by molecular subtype. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16 (10): 2705-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klevesath M. B., Pantel K., Agbaje O., Provenzano E., Wishart G.C., Gough P., et al. Patterns of metastatic spread in early breast cancer. Breast 2013;22 (4):449-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klevesath M. B., Pantel K., Agbaje O., Provenzano E., Wishart G.C., Gough P., et al. Patterns of metastatic spread in early breast cancer. Breast 2013;22 (4):449-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Viale G., Zurrida S., Maiorano E., Mazzarol G., Pruneri G., Paganelli G., et al. Predicting the status of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in 4351 patients with invasive breast carcinoma treated in a single institution. Cancer 2005; 103 (3): 492-500.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viale G., Zurrida S., Maiorano E., Mazzarol G., Pruneri G., Paganelli G., et al. Predicting the status of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in 4351 patients with invasive breast carcinoma treated in a single institution. Cancer 2005; 103 (3): 492-500.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang S., Zhang D., Yi S., Gong M., Lu C., Cai Y., et al. The relationship of lymphatic vessel density, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8 (2): 2863-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang S., Zhang D., Yi S., Gong M., Lu C., Cai Y., et al. The relationship of lymphatic vessel density, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8 (2): 2863-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ugras S., Stempel M., Patil S., Morrow M. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status predict lymphovascular invasion and lymph node involvement. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 (12): 3780-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ugras S., Stempel M., Patil S., Morrow M. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status predict lymphovascular invasion and lymph node involvement. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 (12): 3780-86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crabb S. J., Cheang M. C., Leung S., Immonen T., Nielsen T.O., Huntsman D.D., et al. Basal breast cancer molecular subtype predicts for lower incidence of axillary lymph node metastases in primary breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2008; 8 (3): 249-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crabb S. J., Cheang M. C., Leung S., Immonen T., Nielsen T.O., Huntsman D.D., et al. Basal breast cancer molecular subtype predicts for lower incidence of axillary lymph node metastases in primary breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2008; 8 (3): 249-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dihge L., Bendahl P. O., Ryden L. Nomograms for preoperative prediction of axillary nodal status in breast cancer. Br J Surg 2017; 104 (11): 1494-505.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dihge L., Bendahl P. O., Ryden L. Nomograms for preoperative prediction of axillary nodal status in breast cancer. Br J Surg 2017; 104 (11): 1494-505.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones T., Neboori H., Wu H. et al. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status predict lymphovascular invasion and lymph node involvement? Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20: 2866-72</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jones T., Neboori H., Wu H. et al. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status predict lymphovascular invasion and lymph node involvement? Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20: 2866-72</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
