tumorsMalignant tumoursMalignant tumours2224-50572587-6813Rosoncoweb10.18027/2224-5057-2018-8-3-39-48tumors-561Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL REPORTSИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПОДПОДБОРОДОЧНОГО И ЛУЧЕВОГО ЛОСКУТОВ ДЛЯ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ ПРИ РАКЕ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ ПОЛОСТИ РТАTHE USE OF SUBMENTAL LOCAL FLAP AND RADIAL FREE FLAP FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF DEFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH ORAL CANCERКропотовМ. А.KropotovM. A.

Михаил А. Кропотов, д. м. н., в. н. с. отделения опухолей головы и шеи.

Москва.

Mikhail A. Kropotov, MD, DSc Med, Leading Researcher, Department of Head and Neck Tumors.

Moscow.

СоболевскийВ. А.SobolevskiyV. A.

Владимир А. Соболевский, д. м. н., зав. отделением реконструктивной и пластической хирургии.

Москва.

Vladimir A. Sobolevskiy, MD, DSc Med, Head of the Department of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery.

Moscow.

ЛысовА. А.LysovA. A.

Андрей А. Лысов, врач отделения черепно-челюстно-лицевой хирургии.

Москва.

Andrey A. Lysov, MD, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery.

Moscow.

ЯковлеваЛ. П.YakovlevaL. P.

Лилия П. Яковлева, к. м. н., зав. отделением опухолей головы и шеи.

Москва.

Liliya P. Yakovleva, MD, PhD Med, Head of the Department of Head and Neck Tumors.

Moscow.

l.yakovleva@mknc.ruХодосА. В.KhodosA. V.

Артем В. Ходос, врач отделения опухолей головы и шеи.

Москва.

Artem V. Khodos, MD, Department of Head and Neck Tumors.

Moscow.

khodos.av@gmail.comГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А. С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы».РоссияThe Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center.Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Министерства здравоохранения РФ.РоссияN. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center.Russian Federation201812112018833948Copyright © Кропотов М.А., Соболевский В.А., Лысов А.А., Яковлева Л.П., Ходос А.В., 20182018Кропотов М.А., Соболевский В.А., Лысов А.А., Яковлева Л.П., Ходос А.В.Kropotov M.A., Sobolevskiy V.A., Lysov A.A., Yakovleva L.P., Khodos A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/561

В связи с анатомическими особенностями орофарингеальной зоны при злокачественных опухолях зачастую необходимо выполнять расширенные и расширенно-комбинированные вмешательства, что может привести к значительным функциональным и эстетическим нарушениям. Основные способы реконструкции можно разделить на группы регионарных и свободных лоскутов. Несмотря на множество публикаций по реконструкции дефектов полости рта с использованием свободных и регионарных лоскутов, существует немного сообщений, в которых эти два способа сравнивались бы между собой по уровню восстановления функций глотания, жевания, дыхания и речи. В исследование включено 58 больных раком слизистой оболочки полости рта, которым было выполнено хирургическое лечение в самостоятельном (17 пациентов) или комбинированном (41 пациент) плане. По результатам проведенной работы использование подподбородочного перемещенного и лучевого свободного лоскутов является методом выбора для замещения дефектов слизистой оболочки и мягких тканей полости рта у пациентов с первичным и рецидивным раком слизистой оболочки полости рта и ротоглотки. Подподбородочный лоскут имеет преимущества по интра- и послеоперационным временным показателям и параметрам качества жизни пациентов, не ухудшая данные локорегионарного контроля.

Introduction. Due to anatomical features, surgical treatment of oral cancer can lead to significant functional and esthetic defects. Main methods of reconstruction can be divided into groups of local and free flaps. There are lots of publications devoted to reconstruction of defects of oral cavity with the use of local and free flaps, but only few of them contain the comparison of these methods in the aspect of functional results.Materials and methods. A total of 58 patients with oral cancer were included in our study. All patients received surgical treatment with one-time reconstruction of defect. In 34 cases we used free radial flap and in 24 – submental local flap.Results. The use of submental flap has advantages in the intraoperative time, time of recovery, functional results, with the same locoregional control.Conclusions. We suggest submental local flap and radial free flap to be the method of choice in reconstruction of mucosa and soft tissues defects in patients with primary and recurrent oral cancer.

опухоли головы и шеирак полости ртареконструктивная хирургияподподбородочный лоскутhead and neckoral cancerreconstructive surgerysubmental flapReferencesПодвязников С. О., Пачес А. И., Пустынский И. Н., Таболиновская Т. Д. Эпидемиология рака слизистой оболочки полости рта и состояние онкологической помощи населению с данной патологией в Российской Федерации. Мат. научн. конф. «Современные методы диагностики и лечения рака слизистой оболочки полости рта», Самара, 16–17 апреля 2010 г. Москва, 2011. С. 42.Podvyaznikov S. O., Paches A. I., Pustynskii I. N., Tabolinovskaya T. D. Epidemiologiya raka slizistoi obolochki polosti rta i sostoyanie onkologicheskoi pomoshchi naseleniyu s dannoi patologiei v Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Epidemiology of cancer of the oral mucosa and the state of oncological care for the population with this pathology in the Russian Federation). Mat. nauchn. konf. “Sovremennye metody diagnostiki i lecheniya raka slizistoi obolochki polosti r ta” (Proc. Science Conf. «Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the oral mucosa»). Samara, April 16 ‑17, 2010. Moscow, 2011. P. 42 (In Russ.).Кропотов М. А. Органосохраняющие и реконструктивные операции на нижней челюсти в комбинированном лечении рака слизистой оболочки полости рта: дисс. … д-ра мед. наук. Москва, 2003.Kropotov M. A. Organosokhranyayushchie i rekonstruktivnye operatsii na nizhnei chelyusti v kombinirovannom lechenii raka slizistoi’ obolochki polosti rta: Diss. dokt. med. nauk (Organ-preserving and reconstructive operations on the mandible in the combined treatment of mucosal cancer of the oral cavity: Dr. med. sci. thesis). Moscow, 2003 (In Russ.).Любаев В. Л. Хирургический метод в лечении местно-распространенного рака слизистой оболочки полости рта и ротоглотки: автореф. дисс. … д-ра мед. наук. Москва, 1985.Lyubaev V. L. Khirurgicheskii metod v lechenii mestno-rasprostranennogo raka slizistoi obolochki polosti rta i rotoglotki: Avtoref. diss. dokt. med. nauk (Surgical method in the treatment of locally advanced cancer of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa: Extended abstract Dr. med. sci. thesis). Moscow, 1985 (In Russ.).Блохин Н. Н. Об особенностях операций кожной пластики при лечении опухолей // Вопросы онкологии. Москва, 1956. Т. 2. № 6. С. 700–705.Blokhin N. N. Ob osobennostyakh operatsii kozhnoi plastiki pri lechenii opukholei (On the features of operations of skin plasty in the treatment of tumors). Voprosy onkologii. Moscow, 1956. Vol. 2. No. 6. P. 700–705 (In Russ.).Неробеев А. И. Пластика обширных дефектов мягких тканей головы и шеи сложными лоскутами с осевым сосудистым рисунком: Дисс…. д-ра. мед. наук. Москва, 1982.Nerobeev A. I. Plastika obshirnykh defektov myagkikh tkanei golovy i shei slozhnymi loskutami s osevym sosudistym risunkom: Diss. dokt. med. nauk (Plasty of extensive defects in the soft tissues of the head and neck with complex flaps with axial vascular pattern: Dr. med. sci. thesis). Moscow, 1982 (In Russ.).Соболевский В. А. Реконструктивная хирургия в лечении больных с местно распространенными опухолями костей, кожи и мягких тканей: Дис…. д-ра мед. наук. Москва, 2008.Sobolevskii V. A. Rekonstruktivnaya khirurgiya v lechenii bol’nykh s mestno rasprostranennymi opukholyami kostei, kozhi i myagkikh tkanei: Diss. dokt. med. nauk (Reconstructive surgery in the treatment of patients with locally advanced tumors of bones, skin and soft tissues: Dr. med. sci. thesis). Moscow, 2008 (In Russ.).Sebastian P. Salvage surgery and primary reconstruction for recurrent oral cancer following radial radiotherapy – an eight year experience. 2nd Intern. Congress on Oral Cancer, New Delhi, India. 1991. P. 83.Sebastian P. Salvage surgery and primary reconstruction for recurrent oral cancer following radial radiotherapy – an eight year experience. 2nd Intern. Congress on Oral Cancer, New Delhi, India. 1991. P. 83.Филатов В. П. Пластика на круглом стебле // Вестник офтальмологии. 1917. Т. 34. № 4–5. С. 149.Филатов В. П. Пластика на круглом стебле // Вестник офтальмологии. 1917. Т. 34. № 4–5. С. 149. [Filatov V. P. Plastika na kruglom steble. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 1917. Vol. 34. No. 4–5. P. 149. (In Russ.)].Bussu F., Gallus R., Navash V., Bruschini R., Tagliabue M., Almadori G., Paludetti G., Calabrese L. Contemporary role of pectoralis major regional flaps in head and neck surgery. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital. 2014. Vol. 34. P. 327–341.Bussu F., Gallus R., Navash V., Bruschini R., Tagliabue M., Almadori G., Paludetti G., Calabrese L. Contemporary role of pectoralis major regional flaps in head and neck surgery. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital. 2014. Vol. 34. P. 327–341.Schonauer F. et al. Submental flap as an alternative to microsurgical flap in intraoral post-oncological reconstruction in the elderly. Int. J. Surg. 2016. Vol. 33. Suppl. 1. P. S51–S56. Epub 2016 May 30. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.05.051.Schonauer F. et al. Submental flap as an alternative to microsurgical flap in intraoral post-oncological reconstruction in the elderly. Int. J. Surg. 2016. Vol. 33. Suppl. 1. P. S51–S56. Epub 2016 May 30. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.05.051.Cordeiro P. G., Hidalgo D. A. Soft tissue coverage of mandibular reconstruction plates. Head Neck. 1994. Vol. 16 (2). P. 112–115. 12. Tsue T. T., Desyatnikova S. S., Deleyiannis F. W., Futran N. D., Stack B. C. Jr, Weymuller E. A. Jr, Glenn M. G. Comparison of cost and function in reconstruction of the posterior oral cavity and oropharynx. Free vs pedicled soft tissue transfer. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 1997. Vol. 123 (7). P. 731–737.Cordeiro P. G., Hidalgo D. A. Soft tissue coverage of mandibular reconstruction plates. Head Neck. 1994. Vol. 16 (2). P. 112–115. 12. Tsue T. T., Desyatnikova S. S., Deleyiannis F. W., Futran N. D., Stack B. C. Jr, Weymuller E. A. Jr, Glenn M. G. Comparison of cost and function in reconstruction of the posterior oral cavity and oropharynx. Free vs pedicled soft tissue transfer. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 1997. Vol. 123 (7). P. 731–737.Smeele L. E., Goldstein D., Tsai V., Gullane P. J., Neligan P., Brown D. H., Irish J. C. Morbidity and cost differences between free flap reconstruction and pedicled flap reconstruction in oral and oropharyngeal cancer: Matched control study. J. Otolaryngol. 2006. Vol. 35 (2). P. 102–107.Smeele L. E., Goldstein D., Tsai V., Gullane P. J., Neligan P., Brown D. H., Irish J. C. Morbidity and cost differences between free flap reconstruction and pedicled flap reconstruction in oral and oropharyngeal cancer: Matched control study. J. Otolaryngol. 2006. Vol. 35 (2). P. 102–107.O’Neill J. P., Shine N., Eadie P. A., Beausang E., Timon C. Free tissue transfer versus pedicled flap reconstruction of head and neck malignancy defects. Ir. J. Med. Sci. 2010. Vol. 179 (3). Epub 2010 Feb 12. P. 337–343. DOI: 10.1007/s11845‑010‑0468‑4.O’Neill J. P., Shine N., Eadie P. A., Beausang E., Timon C. Free tissue transfer versus pedicled flap reconstruction of head and neck malignancy defects. Ir. J. Med. Sci. 2010. Vol. 179 (3). Epub 2010 Feb 12. P. 337–343. DOI: 10.1007/s11845‑010‑0468‑4.Patel A. V., Thuener J. E., Clancy K., Ascha M., Manzoor N. F., Zender C. A. Submental artery island flap versus free flap reconstruction of lateral facial soft tissue and parotidectomy defects: Comparison of outcomes and patient factors. Oral Oncol. 2018. Vol. 78. P. 194–199. Epub 2018 Feb 20. DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.01.027.Patel A. V., Thuener J. E., Clancy K., Ascha M., Manzoor N. F., Zender C. A. Submental artery island flap versus free flap reconstruction of lateral facial soft tissue and parotidectomy defects: Comparison of outcomes and patient factors. Oral Oncol. 2018. Vol. 78. P. 194–199. Epub 2018 Feb 20. DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.01.027.Soutar D. S., Schelier L., Tanner N., McGregor I. The radial forearm flap: a versatile method for intraoral reconstruction. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1983. Vol. 36. P. 1Soutar D. S., Schelier L., Tanner N., McGregor I. The radial forearm flap: a versatile method for intraoral reconstruction. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1983. Vol. 36. P. 1Tanaka N., Yamaguchi A., Ogi K., Kohama G. Sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap for intraoral reconstruction after resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2003. Vol. 61 (10). P. 1179–1183.Tanaka N., Yamaguchi A., Ogi K., Kohama G. Sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap for intraoral reconstruction after resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2003. Vol. 61 (10). P. 1179–1183.Уваров А. А. Первичная пластика кожно-мышечными лоскутами после операций по поводу местно-распространенных злокачественных опухолей полости рта и ротоглотки: автореф. дисс…. канд. мед. наук. Москва,1986.Uvarov A. A. Pervichnaya plastika kozhno-myshechnymi loskutami posle operatsii po povodu mestno-rasprostranennykh zlokachestvennykh opukholei polosti rta i rotoglotki: Avtoref. diss. kand. med. nauk (Primary skin and muscle grafting after surgery for locally advanced malignant tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx: Extended abstract Cand. med. sci. thesis). Moscow, 1986.(In Russ.).Paydarfar J. A., Patel U. A. Submental island pedicled flap vs radial forearm free flap for oral reconstruction. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2011. Vol. 137 (1). P. 82–87.Paydarfar J. A., Patel U. A. Submental island pedicled flap vs radial forearm free flap for oral reconstruction. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2011. Vol. 137 (1). P. 82–87.Martin D., Pascal J. F., Baudet J., Mondie J. M., Farhat J. B., Athoum A., Le Gaillard P., Peri G. The submental island flap: a new donor site. Anatomy and clinical applications as a free or pedicled flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1993. Vol. 92 (5). P. 867–873.Martin D., Pascal J. F., Baudet J., Mondie J. M., Farhat J. B., Athoum A., Le Gaillard P., Peri G. The submental island flap: a new donor site. Anatomy and clinical applications as a free or pedicled flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1993. Vol. 92 (5). P. 867–873.Thomas S., Varghese B. T., Ganesh S. A., Desai K. P., Iype E. M., Balagopal P. G. Oncological Safety of Submental Artery Island Flap in Oral Reconstruction – Analysis of 229. Cases Indian J. Surg. Oncol. 2016. Vol. 7 (4). P. 420–424. Epub 2016 Jun 20. DOI: 10.1007/s13193‑016‑0532‑2.Thomas S., Varghese B. T., Ganesh S. A., Desai K. P., Iype E. M., Balagopal P. G. Oncological Safety of Submental Artery Island Flap in Oral Reconstruction – Analysis of 229. Cases Indian J. Surg. Oncol. 2016. Vol. 7 (4). P. 420–424. Epub 2016 Jun 20. DOI: 10.1007/s13193‑016‑0532‑2.Wang W. H., Hwang T. Z., Chang C. H., Lin Y. C. Reconstruction of pharyngeal defects with a submental island flap after hypopharyngeal carcinoma ablation. ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec. 2012. Vol. 74 (6). P. 304–309. Epub 2012 Dec 14. DOI: 10.1159/000345100.Wang W. H., Hwang T. Z., Chang C. H., Lin Y. C. Reconstruction of pharyngeal defects with a submental island flap after hypopharyngeal carcinoma ablation. ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec. 2012. Vol. 74 (6). P. 304–309. Epub 2012 Dec 14. DOI: 10.1159/000345100.Sebastian P., Thomas S., Varghese B. T., Iype E. M., Balagopal P. G., Mathew P. C. The submental island flap for reconstruction of intraoral defects in oral cancer patients. Oral Oncol. 2008. Vol. 44 (11). P. 1014–1018. Epub 2008 Jul 11. DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.02.013.Sebastian P., Thomas S., Varghese B. T., Iype E. M., Balagopal P. G., Mathew P. C. The submental island flap for reconstruction of intraoral defects in oral cancer patients. Oral Oncol. 2008. Vol. 44 (11). P. 1014–1018. Epub 2008 Jul 11. DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.02.013.Koranda F. C., McMahon M. F., Jernstrom V. R. The temporalis muscle flap for intraoral reconstruction. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head. Neck Surg. 1987. Vol. 113. P. 740–743.Koranda F. C., McMahon M. F., Jernstrom V. R. The temporalis muscle flap for intraoral reconstruction. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head. Neck Surg. 1987. Vol. 113. P. 740–743.Demir Z., Velidedeoglu H., Celebioglu S. Repair of pharyngocutaneous fistulas with the submental artery island flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2005. Vol. 115. P. 38–44. DOI: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000153040.15640.2F.Demir Z., Velidedeoglu H., Celebioglu S. Repair of pharyngocutaneous fistulas with the submental artery island flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2005. Vol. 115. P. 38–44. DOI: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000153040.15640.2F.Salgado C. J., Mardini S., Chen H. C., Chen S. Critical oropharyngocutaneous fistulas after microsurgical head and neck reconstruction: Indications for management using the “tissue-plug” technique. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2003. Vol. 112. P. 957–963. DOI: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000076219.62225.07.Salgado C. J., Mardini S., Chen H. C., Chen S. Critical oropharyngocutaneous fistulas after microsurgical head and neck reconstruction: Indications for management using the “tissue-plug” technique. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2003. Vol. 112. P. 957–963. DOI: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000076219.62225.07.Yilmaz M., Menderes A., Barutcu A. Submental artery island flap for reconstruction of the lower and mid face. Ann. Plast. Surg. 1997. Vol. 39. P. 30–35. DOI: 10.1097/00000637‑199707000‑00005.Yilmaz M., Menderes A., Barutcu A. Submental artery island flap for reconstruction of the lower and mid face. Ann. Plast. Surg. 1997. Vol. 39. P. 30–35. DOI: 10.1097/00000637‑199707000‑00005.Tan O., Atik B., Parmaksizoglu D. Soft-tissue augmentation of the middle and lower face using the deepithelialized submental flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2007. Vol. 119. P. 873–879. DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000252002.76466.cf.Tan O., Atik B., Parmaksizoglu D. Soft-tissue augmentation of the middle and lower face using the deepithelialized submental flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2007. Vol. 119. P. 873–879. DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000252002.76466.cf.Huang L., Wang W. M., Gao X., Yuan Y. X., Chen X. Q., Jian X. C. Reconstruction of intraoral defects after resection of cancer with two types of submental artery perforator flaps. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018. Vol. 56 (1). P. 34–38. Epub 2017 Nov 22. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.11.001.Huang L., Wang W. M., Gao X., Yuan Y. X., Chen X. Q., Jian X. C. Reconstruction of intraoral defects after resection of cancer with two types of submental artery perforator flaps. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018. Vol. 56 (1). P. 34–38. Epub 2017 Nov 22. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.11.001.Merten SL1, Jiang RP, Caminer D. The submental artery island flap for head and neck reconstruction. ANZ J. Surg. 2002. Vol. 72 (2). P. 121–4.Merten SL1, Jiang RP, Caminer D. The submental artery island flap for head and neck reconstruction. ANZ J. Surg. 2002. Vol. 72 (2). P. 121–4.Lee J. C., Lai W. S., Kao C. H., Hsu C. H., Chu Y. H., Lin Y. S. Multiple-parameter evaluation demonstrates low donor-site morbidity after submental flapharvesting. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 2013. Vol. 71 (10). P. 1800–1808. Epub 2013 May 3. DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.03.018.Lee J. C., Lai W. S., Kao C. H., Hsu C. H., Chu Y. H., Lin Y. S. Multiple-parameter evaluation demonstrates low donor-site morbidity after submental flapharvesting. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 2013. Vol. 71 (10). P. 1800–1808. Epub 2013 May 3. DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.03.018.Pistre V., Pelissier P., Martin D., Lim A., Baudet J. Ten years of experience with the submental flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2001. Vol. 108 (6). P. 1576–1581.Pistre V., Pelissier P., Martin D., Lim A., Baudet J. Ten years of experience with the submental flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2001. Vol. 108 (6). P. 1576–1581.Taghinia A. H., Movassaghi K., Wang A. X., Pribaz J. J. Reconstruction of the upper aerodigestive tract with the submental artery flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2009. Vol. (2). P. 562–570. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181977fe4.Taghinia A. H., Movassaghi K., Wang A. X., Pribaz J. J. Reconstruction of the upper aerodigestive tract with the submental artery flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2009. Vol. (2). P. 562–570. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181977fe4.Chow T.L., Chan T.T., Chow T.K., Fung S.C., Lam S.H. Reconstruction with submental flap for aggressive orofacial cancer. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2007. Vol. 120. P. 431–436. DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000267343.10982.dc.Chow T.L., Chan T.T., Chow T.K., Fung S.C., Lam S.H. Reconstruction with submental flap for aggressive orofacial cancer. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2007. Vol. 120. P. 431–436. DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000267343.10982.dc.Rohd S., Netterville J. Submental Myocutaneous Flap Reconstruction for Oral Defect (Poster presentation) (presenter).Rohd S., Netterville J. Submental Myocutaneous Flap Reconstruction for Oral Defect (Poster presentation) (presenter).Amin A. A., Sakkary M. A., Khalil A. A., Rifaat M. A., Zayed Sh. B. The submental flap for oral cavity reconstruction: Extended indications and technical refinements. Head Neck Oncol. 2011. Vol. 3. P. 51. Published online 2011 Dec 20. DOI: 10.1186/1758‑3284‑3‑51.Amin A. A., Sakkary M. A., Khalil A. A., Rifaat M. A., Zayed Sh. B. The submental flap for oral cavity reconstruction: Extended indications and technical refinements. Head Neck Oncol. 2011. Vol. 3. P. 51. Published online 2011 Dec 20. DOI: 10.1186/1758‑3284‑3‑51.Muhlbauer W., Olbrisch R. R., Herndl E., Stock W. Die Behandlung der Halskontraktur nach Verbrennung mit dem freien Unterarmlappen. Chirurg. 1981. Vol. 52. P. 635.Muhlbauer W., Olbrisch R. R., Herndl E., Stock W. Die Behandlung der Halskontraktur nach Verbrennung mit dem freien Unterarmlappen. Chirurg. 1981. Vol. 52. P. 635.Muhlbauer W., Herndl E., Stock W. The forearm flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1982. Vol. 70. P. 336.Muhlbauer W., Herndl E., Stock W. The forearm flap. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1982. Vol. 70. P. 336.Soutar D. S., McGregor I. A. The radial forearm flap for intraoral reconstruction: the experience of 60 consecutive cases. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1986. Vol. 78. P. 1Soutar D. S., McGregor I. A. The radial forearm flap for intraoral reconstruction: the experience of 60 consecutive cases. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1986. Vol. 78. P. 1Soutar D. S., Widdowson W. P. Immediate reconstruction of the mandible using a vascularized segment of the radius. Head Neck Surg. 1986. Vol. 39. P. 176.Soutar D. S., Widdowson W. P. Immediate reconstruction of the mandible using a vascularized segment of the radius. Head Neck Surg. 1986. Vol. 39. P. 176.Cheng B. S. Free forearm flap transplantation in repair and reconstruction of tongue defects. Chung Hua Kou Chiang Tsa Chih. 1983. Vol. 18. P. 39.Cheng B. S. Free forearm flap transplantation in repair and reconstruction of tongue defects. Chung Hua Kou Chiang Tsa Chih. 1983. Vol. 18. P. 39.Hatoko M., Harashina T., Inoue T., Tanaka I., Imai K. Reconstruction of palate with radial forearm flap: a report of 3 cases. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1990. Vol. 43. P. 350.Hatoko M., Harashina T., Inoue T., Tanaka I., Imai K. Reconstruction of palate with radial forearm flap: a report of 3 cases. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1990. Vol. 43. P. 350.McCormack L. J., Cauldwell E. W., Anson B. J. Brachial and antebrachial arterial patterns. A study on 750 extremities. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 1953. Vol. 96. P. 43.McCormack L. J., Cauldwell E. W., Anson B. J. Brachial and antebrachial arterial patterns. A study on 750 extremities. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 1953. Vol. 96. P. 43.Bardsley A. F., Soutar D. S., Elliot D., Batchelor A. G. Reducing morbidity in the radial forearm flap donor site. Plast. Reconstrl Surg. 1990. Vol. 86. P. 287.Bardsley A. F., Soutar D. S., Elliot D., Batchelor A. G. Reducing morbidity in the radial forearm flap donor site. Plast. Reconstrl Surg. 1990. Vol. 86. P. 287.Boorman J. G., Brown J. A., Sykes P. J. Morbidity in the forearm flap donor arm. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1987. Vol. 40. P. 207.Boorman J. G., Brown J. A., Sykes P. J. Morbidity in the forearm flap donor arm. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1987. Vol. 40. P. 207.Soutar D. S., Tanner S. B. The radial forearm flap in the management ofsoft tissue injuries of the hand. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1984. Vol. 37. P. 18.Soutar D. S., Tanner S. B. The radial forearm flap in the management ofsoft tissue injuries of the hand. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1984. Vol. 37. P. 18.Timmons M. J., Missotten F. E. M., Poole M. D., Davies D. M. Complications of radial forearm flap donor sites. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1986. Vol. 39. P. 176Timmons M. J., Missotten F. E. M., Poole M. D., Davies D. M. Complications of radial forearm flap donor sites. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 1986. Vol. 39. P. 176Wolff K. D., Holzle F., Nolte D. Perforator flaps from the lateral lower leg for intraoral reconstruction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2004. Vol. 113. P. 107.Wolff K. D., Holzle F., Nolte D. Perforator flaps from the lateral lower leg for intraoral reconstruction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2004. Vol. 113. P. 107.Deganello A., Gitti G., Parrinello G., Muratori E., Larotonda G., Gallo O. Cost analysis in oral cavity and oropharyngeal reconstructions with microvascular and pedicled flaps. ACTA Otorhinolaryngologica Italica. 2013. Vol. 33. P. 380–387.Deganello A., Gitti G., Parrinello G., Muratori E., Larotonda G., Gallo O. Cost analysis in oral cavity and oropharyngeal reconstructions with microvascular and pedicled flaps. ACTA Otorhinolaryngologica Italica. 2013. Vol. 33. P. 380–387.Азизян Р., Кропотов М., Мудунов А., Соболевский В., Доброхотова В., Подвязников С., Танеева А., Матякин Е. Реконструктивные операции при опухолях головы и шеи / под ред. Матякина Е. Г. Москва: Изд-во «Вердана», 2009. 224 с.Azizyan R., Kropotov M., Mudunov A., Sobolevskii V., Dobrokhotova V., Podvyaznikov S., Taneeva A., Matyakin E. Rekonstruktivnye operatsii pri opukholyakh golovy i shei (Reconstructive surgery for head and neck tumors). Matyakina E. G. (ed). Moscow: Izd. Verdana, 2009. 224 p. (In Russ.).Матякин Е. Г., Уваров А. А. Пластика при дефектах в области рта и ротоглотки кожно-мышечным лоскутом на подкожной мышце // Стоматология. 1986. № 3. Т. 65. С. 45–48.Matyakin E. G., Uvarov A. A. Plastika pri defektakh v oblasti rta i rotoglotki kozhno-myshechnym loskutom na podkozhnoi myshtse (Plasty for defects in the mouth and oropharyngeal areas with a musculoskeletal flap on the subcutaneous muscle). Stomatologiya. 1986. No. 3. Vol. 65. P. 45–48 (In Russ.).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.