<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Malignant tumours</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Malignant tumours</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-5057</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6813</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rosoncoweb</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tumors-535</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпидемия «нестероидной триады» (ожирение, диабет, метаболический синдром) и рак молочной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берштейн</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">evmb@endocrin.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии имени Н. Н. Петрова» Министерства здравоохранения РФ.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3s1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Берштейн Л.М., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Берштейн Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Берштейн Л.М.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/535">https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/535</self-uri><abstract><p>Рак молочной железы по целому ряду причин представляется одним из наиболее важных в медицинском и социальном отношении разделов онкологии. Особенности гормональной регуляции маммарного эпителия на разных этапах жизни женщины привлекали и привлекают к себе внимание на протяжении многих десятилетий. В течение немалого числа лет интерес исследователей и клиницистов концентрировался в этой области на стероидном компоненте, прежде всего на эстрогенах, а затем и на прогестинах, что было оправдано и продолжает сохранять несомненную значимость. Тем не менее закономерным образом акценты все в большей степени – не принижая и тем более не отрицая роль стероидного сигналинга и ассоциированных с ним многочисленных событий – вынужденно смещаются в сторону признания важности нестероидной составляющей, которая может быть при желании обозначена как метаболическая, но не ограничивается этим понятием. Оправданность отмеченного сдвига определяется различными факторами, в том числе фундаментального характера, возвращающими на новом витке к проблемам сравнительной биохимии и энергетики нормальных и опухолевых клеток. Однако «вторая сторона медали» (если говорить только о двух из них) не менее важна и значительно более наглядна. Мало кто не согласится с тем, что за последние полвека, и в особенности с начала нынешнего столетия, наблюдается эпидемия (а то и пандемия) состояний, к числу которых причисляются сахарный диабет (прежде всего, 2‑го типа), ожирение и так или иначе ассоциированный с ними метаболический синдром, проявляющийся в первую очередь инсулинорезистентностью и снижением толерантности к глюкозе. Задача настоящей публикации состоит в том, чтобы попытаться рассмотреть (сознательно концентрируясь на роли ожирения и жировой ткани), как подобная реальность может отражаться на некоторых особенностях рака молочной железы в эпидемиологическом и клиническом плане и что может и должно делаться для выправления (или, по крайней мере, смягчения) складывающейся ситуации.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>пре- и постменопаузальный</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>диабет</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>связь с риском возникновения и течения опухолевого процесса</kwd><kwd>ответом на противоопухолевую терапию</kwd><kwd>меры воздействия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Берштейн Л. М. Рак гормонозависимых тканей в системе основных неинфекционных заболеваний человека. Санкт-Петербург: Эскулап. 2009, 180 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berstein L. M. Cancer of hormone-dependent tissues in the frame of main non-communicable diseases. St / Petersburg: Aesculap. 2009. 180 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляев А. М., Манихас Г. М., Мерабишвили В. М. (ред). Злокачественные новообразования в Санкт-Петербурге и других административных территориях Северо-Западного федерального округа России (заболеваемость, смертностность, контингенты, выживаемость больных). Санкт-Петербург: Ассоциация онкологов Северо-Запада. 2016, с. 29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyaev A.M., Manikhas G.M., Merabishvili V.M. /eds/. Malignant tumors in St.Petersburg and other administrative territories of the North-West Federal district of Russia: morbidity, mortality, prevalence rate, survival. Saint-Petersburg. 2016, p. 29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahib L, Smith BD, Aizenberg R et al. Projecting cancer incidence and deaths to 2030: the unexpected burden of thyroid, liver, and pancreas cancers in the United States. Cancer Res. 2014. Vol. 74. P. 2913–2921.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahib L, Smith BD, Aizenberg R et al. Projecting cancer incidence and deaths to 2030: the unexpected burden of thyroid, liver, and pancreas cancers in the United States. Cancer Res. 2014. Vol. 74. P. 2913–2921.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IDF Diabetes Atlas. Eighth Edition. 2017 (Key messages &amp; Resources). http://www.diabetesatlas.org (вход совершен 29.08.2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IDF Diabetes Atlas. Eighth Edition. 2017 (Key messages &amp; Resources). http://www.diabetesatlas.org (вход совершен 29.08.2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дедов И. И., Шестакова М. В., Викулова О. К. и др. Сахарный диабет в Российской Федерации: распространенность, заболеваемость, смертность, параметры углеводного обмена и структура сахароснижающей терапии по данным федерального регистра сахарного диабета, статус 2017 г. Сахарный диабет. 2018. Т. 21. С. 144–159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, Zheleznyakova AA, Isakov MA. Diabetes mellitus in Russian Federation: prevalence, morbidity, mortality, parameters of glycaemic control and structure of hypoglycaemic therapy according to the Federal Diabetes Register, status 2017. Diabetes Mellitus. 2018. Vol. 21. P. 144–159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017. Vol. 390. P. 2627–2642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017. Vol. 390. P. 2627–2642.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salinas-Martinez AM, Flores-Cortes LI, Cardona-Chavarria JM et al. Prediabetes, diabetes, and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study. Arch Med Res. 2014. Vol. 45. P. 432–438.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salinas-Martinez AM, Flores-Cortes LI, Cardona-Chavarria JM et al. Prediabetes, diabetes, and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study. Arch Med Res. 2014. Vol. 45. P. 432–438.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коваленко И. М., Берштейн Л. М. Сравнительные гормон-ассоциированные и клинико-морфологические особенности рака молочной железы и эндометрия у больных, страдающих и не страдающих диабетом. Вопросы онкологии, 2017. Т. 63. С. 752–757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalenko I.М., Berstein L.М. Comparative hormone-associated and clinical-morphological features of breast and endometrial cancer in patients with and without diabetes. Vopr. Onkol. 2017. Vol. 63. P. 752–757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goodwin PJ. Obesity and breast cancer – what’s new? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2017. Vol. 12. P. 35–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goodwin PJ. Obesity and breast cancer – what’s new? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2017. Vol. 12. P. 35–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao H, Wang J, Fang D et al. Adiposity Results in Metabolic and Inflammation Differences in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women Consistent with the Difference in Breast Cancer Risk. Horm Cancer. 2018. Vol. 9. P. 229–239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao H, Wang J, Fang D et al. Adiposity Results in Metabolic and Inflammation Differences in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women Consistent with the Difference in Breast Cancer Risk. Horm Cancer. 2018. Vol. 9. P. 229–239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gershuni V, Li YR, Williams AD et al. Breast cancer subtype distribution is different in normal weight, overweight, and obese women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017. Vol. 163. P. 375–381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gershuni V, Li YR, Williams AD et al. Breast cancer subtype distribution is different in normal weight, overweight, and obese women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017. Vol. 163. P. 375–381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brouckaert O, Van Asten K, Laenen A et al. Body mass index, age at breast cancer diagnosis, and breast cancer subtype: a crosssectional study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018. Vol. 168. P. 189–196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brouckaert O, Van Asten K, Laenen A et al. Body mass index, age at breast cancer diagnosis, and breast cancer subtype: a crosssectional study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018. Vol. 168. P. 189–196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Primeau V, Coderre L, Karelis AD et al. Characterizing the profile of obese patients who are metabolically healthy. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011. Vol. 35. P. 971–981.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Primeau V, Coderre L, Karelis AD et al. Characterizing the profile of obese patients who are metabolically healthy. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011. Vol. 35. P. 971–981.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berstein LM, Poroshina TE, Turkevich EA et al. Features of endometrial cancer in patients with ‘metabolically healthy’ versus ‘standard’ obesity: the decreasing frequency of metabolically healthy obesity. Future Sci OA. 2015. Vol. 1(4). P. FSO68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berstein LM, Poroshina TE, Turkevich EA et al. Features of endometrial cancer in patients with ‘metabolically healthy’ versus ‘standard’ obesity: the decreasing frequency of metabolically healthy obesity. Future Sci OA. 2015. Vol. 1(4). P. FSO68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park YM, White AJ, Nichols HB et al. The association between metabolic health, obesity phenotype and the risk of breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2017. Vol. 140. P. 2657–2666.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park YM, White AJ, Nichols HB et al. The association between metabolic health, obesity phenotype and the risk of breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2017. Vol. 140. P. 2657–2666.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan DS, Vieira AR, Aune D et al. Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer-systematic literature review and metaanalysis of 82 follow-up studies. Ann Oncol. 2014. Vol. 25. P. 1901–1914.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan DS, Vieira AR, Aune D et al. Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer-systematic literature review and metaanalysis of 82 follow-up studies. Ann Oncol. 2014. Vol. 25. P. 1901–1914.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho WK, Choi DH, Park W. et al. Effect of Body Mass Index on Survival in Breast Cancer Patients According to Subtype, Metabolic Syndrome, and Treatment. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018 Apr 19. pii: S1526–8209(17)30765–6. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.04.010. [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho WK, Choi DH, Park W. et al. Effect of Body Mass Index on Survival in Breast Cancer Patients According to Subtype, Metabolic Syndrome, and Treatment. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018 Apr 19. pii: S1526–8209(17)30765–6. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.04.010. [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guinan EM, Hussey J, McGarrigle SA. A prospective investigation of predictive and modifiable risk factors for breast cancer in unaffected BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene carriers. BMC Cancer. 2013 Vol. 13:138. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guinan EM, Hussey J, McGarrigle SA. A prospective investigation of predictive and modifiable risk factors for breast cancer in unaffected BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene carriers. BMC Cancer. 2013 Vol. 13:138. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayer EL. Early and late long-term effects of adjuvant chemotherapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2013. P. 9–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayer EL. Early and late long-term effects of adjuvant chemotherapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2013. P. 9–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kogawa T, Fujii T, Fouad TM et al. Impact of change in body mass index during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival among breast cancer subtypes. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018. Jun 18. doi: 10.1007/s10549-018-4853-4. [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kogawa T, Fujii T, Fouad TM et al. Impact of change in body mass index during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival among breast cancer subtypes. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018. Jun 18. doi: 10.1007/s10549-018-4853-4. [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farr A, Stolz M, Baumann L et al. The effect of obesity on pathological complete response and survival in breast cancer patients receiving uncapped doses of neoadjuvant anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy. Breast. 2017. Vol. 33. P. 153–158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farr A, Stolz M, Baumann L et al. The effect of obesity on pathological complete response and survival in breast cancer patients receiving uncapped doses of neoadjuvant anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy. Breast. 2017. Vol. 33. P. 153–158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sendur MA, Aksoy S, Akoncy MB. et al. Role of obesity on the efficacy of exemestane plus ovarian suppression in hormone receptorpositive premenopausal breast cancer. Future Oncol. 2015. Vol. 11. P. 905–907.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sendur MA, Aksoy S, Akoncy MB. et al. Role of obesity on the efficacy of exemestane plus ovarian suppression in hormone receptorpositive premenopausal breast cancer. Future Oncol. 2015. Vol. 11. P. 905–907.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dilman VM. Metabolic immunodepression which increases the risk of cancer. Lancet. 1977; Vol. 2(8050). P. 1207–1209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dilman VM. Metabolic immunodepression which increases the risk of cancer. Lancet. 1977; Vol. 2(8050). P. 1207–1209.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berstein LM, Kovalevskij AY, Poroshina TE et al. Signs of proinflammatory/genotoxic switch (adipogenotoxicosis) in mammary fat of breast cancer patients: role of menopausal status, estrogens and hyperglycemia. Int J Cancer. 2007. Vol. 121. P. 514–519.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berstein LM, Kovalevskij AY, Poroshina TE et al. Signs of proinflammatory/genotoxic switch (adipogenotoxicosis) in mammary fat of breast cancer patients: role of menopausal status, estrogens and hyperglycemia. Int J Cancer. 2007. Vol. 121. P. 514–519.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Берштейн ЛМ, Ковалевский АЮ, Порошина ТЕ и др. Прогенотоксический сдвиг в маммарном жире (адипогенотоксикоз): связь с клиническими и биологическими особенностями рака молочной железы. Вопр. онкол. 2008. Т. 54 (3). С. 294–302</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bershtein LM, Kovalevskii AIu, Poroshina TE et al. Progenotoxic shift in mammary adipose tissue (adipogenotoxicosis): association with clinical and biological characteristics of breast cancer. Vopr Onkol. 2008. Vol. 54. P. 294–302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howe LR, Subbaramaiah K, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ. Molecular pathways: adipose inflammation as a mediator of obesityassociated cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2013. Vol. 19. P. 6074–6083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howe LR, Subbaramaiah K, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ. Molecular pathways: adipose inflammation as a mediator of obesityassociated cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2013. Vol. 19. P. 6074–6083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee BC, Lee J. Cellular and molecular players in adipose tissue inflammation in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014. Vol.1842. P.446-462.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee BC, Lee J. Cellular and molecular players in adipose tissue inflammation in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014. Vol.1842. P.446-462.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lohmann AE, Pimentel I, Goodwin PJ. Novel Insights Into the Impact of Lifestyle-Based Weight Loss and Metformin on Obesity-Associated Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018 May 18. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djy080. [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lohmann AE, Pimentel I, Goodwin PJ. Novel Insights Into the Impact of Lifestyle-Based Weight Loss and Metformin on Obesity-Associated Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018 May 18. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djy080. [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackenzie H, Markar SR, Askari A. Obesity surgery and risk of cancer. Br J Surg. 2018 Jul 13. doi: 10.1002/bjs.10914. [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackenzie H, Markar SR, Askari A. Obesity surgery and risk of cancer. Br J Surg. 2018 Jul 13. doi: 10.1002/bjs.10914. [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bodmer M, Meier C, Krahenbuhl S et al. Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. Diabetes Care. 2010. Vol. 33. P. 1304–1308.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bodmer M, Meier C, Krahenbuhl S et al. Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. Diabetes Care. 2010. Vol. 33. P. 1304–1308.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berstein LM. Modern approach to metabolic rehabilitation of cancer patients: biguanides (phenformin and metformin) and beyond. Future Oncol. 2010. Vol. 6. P. 1313–1323.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berstein LM. Modern approach to metabolic rehabilitation of cancer patients: biguanides (phenformin and metformin) and beyond. Future Oncol. 2010. Vol. 6. P. 1313–1323.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheng X, Parmentier JH, Tucci J et al. Adipocytes sequester and metabolize the chemotherapeutic daunorubicin. Mol Cancer Res. 2017. Vol. 15. P. 1704–1713.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheng X, Parmentier JH, Tucci J et al. Adipocytes sequester and metabolize the chemotherapeutic daunorubicin. Mol Cancer Res. 2017. Vol. 15. P. 1704–1713.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
