tumorsMalignant tumoursMalignant tumours2224-50572587-6813Rosoncoweb10.18027/2224-5057-2016-2-5-14tumors-227Research ArticleФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ОНКОЛОГИЯ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНАFUNDAMENTAL ONCOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINEИммунология: формирование иммунного ответа как ведущего фактора противоопухолевой защитыImmunology: immune response as leading protection factor against cancerСаранцеваКсения АндреевнаSarantsevaKsenia Andreevna

аспирант

post-graduate student

sarantsevaka@gmail.comЛактионоваЛюдмила ВалентиновнаLaktionovaLudmila Valentinovna

д. м.н., профессор, заместитель генерального директора – главный врач

MD, PhD, DSc, professor, chief doctor

laktionova@list.ruРеутоваЕлена ВалерьевнаReutovaElena Valer’evna

к. м.н., старший научный сотрудник

MD, PhD, senior staff scientist

evreutova@rambler.ruЧерненкоПолина АндреевнаChernenkoPolina Andreevna

к. м.н., научный сотрудник

MD, PhD, research fellow

lace@mail.ruБредерВалерий ВладимировичBrederValery Vladimirovich

к. м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник

MD, PhD leading research scientist

vbreder@yandex.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н. Н. Блохина» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFGBU (Federal State Budgetary Institution) N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФедеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий ФМБА РоссииРоссияFederal Research Clinical Center of the Specialized Types of Health Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of RussiaRussian Federation20160108201602514Copyright © Саранцева К.А., Лактионова Л.В., Реутова Е.В., Черненко П.А., Бредер В.В., 20162016Саранцева К.А., Лактионова Л.В., Реутова Е.В., Черненко П.А., Бредер В.В.Sarantseva K.A., Laktionova L.V., Reutova E.V., Chernenko P.A., Breder V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/227

Перспектива эффективной иммунотерапии для лечения пациентов с диагнозом рак теперь становится клинической реальностью. Понимание основ взаимодействия опухоли и иммунной системы, путей иммунорегуляции, механизмов ускользания от иммунного надзора позволяет выявить и реализовать новые терапевтические подходы для обеспечения современных стратегий лечения рака. В обзоре представлен современный взгляд на формирование противоопухолевого иммунитета. Обсуждается роль основных участников – компонентов врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета, механизмы реализации иммунного ответа и их особенности.

The prospect of effective immunotherapies for the treatment of patients with cancer is now becoming a clinical reality. A basic understanding of interaction between the tumor and the immune system, immune regulation pathways, mechanisms of escape from immune control allows to identify and implement new therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. This review provides a modern view on the formation of anti-tumor immunity. The role of the key players are discussed – the components of innate and adaptive immunity, the mechanisms of the immune response and their features.

иммунологияонкологияпротивоопухолевый иммунитетimmunologyoncologyantitumor immunityReferencesBeck G. and Habicht G. S. Immunity and the Invertebrates. Scientific American. 1996; p. 6–66.Beck G. and Habicht G. S. Immunity and the Invertebrates. Scientific American. 1996; p. 6–66.Litman G. W. Sharks and the Origins of Vertebrate Immunity. Scientific American. 1996; p. 67–71.Litman G. W. Sharks and the Origins of Vertebrate Immunity. Scientific American. 1996; p. 67–71.Хаитов Р. М., Игнатьева Г. А., Сидорович И. Г. Иммунология. Норма и патология. Москва, Медицина, 2010, 750 с. Haitov R. M., Ignateva G. A., Sidorovich I. G. Immunologiya. Norma i patologiya. Moskva, Meditsina, 2010, 750 s.Хаитов Р. М., Игнатьева Г. А., Сидорович И. Г. Иммунология. Норма и патология. Москва, Медицина, 2010, 750 с. Haitov R. M., Ignateva G. A., Sidorovich I. G. Immunologiya. Norma i patologiya. Moskva, Meditsina, 2010, 750 s.Janeway C. A. Jr, Travers P., Walport M. et al. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. 5th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2001.Janeway C. A. Jr, Travers P., Walport M. et al. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. 5th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2001.Duquesnoy R. J., Trucco M. Genetic basis of cell surface polymorphisms encoded by the major histocompatibility complex in humans. Crit Rev Immunol. 1988; 8(2):103.Duquesnoy R. J., Trucco M. Genetic basis of cell surface polymorphisms encoded by the major histocompatibility complex in humans. Crit Rev Immunol. 1988; 8(2):103.Medzhitov R., Janeway C. A. Jr. Innate immunity: impact on the adaptive immune response. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 1997; 9: 4–9.Medzhitov R., Janeway C. A. Jr. Innate immunity: impact on the adaptive immune response. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 1997; 9: 4–9.Plackett T. P., Boehmer E. D., Faunce D. E., Kovacs E. J. Aging and innate immune cells. J Leukoc Biol, 2004; 76: 291–299.Plackett T. P., Boehmer E. D., Faunce D. E., Kovacs E. J. Aging and innate immune cells. J Leukoc Biol, 2004; 76: 291–299.Vivier E. et al. Innate or Adaptive Immunity? The Example of Natural Killer Cells. Science. 2011; 331 (6013): 44–49.Vivier E. et al. Innate or Adaptive Immunity? The Example of Natural Killer Cells. Science. 2011; 331 (6013): 44–49.Terunuma H. et al. Potential role of NK cells in the induction of immune responses: implications for NK cell-based immunotherapy for cancers and viral infections. International Reviews of Immunology. 2008; 27 (3): 93–110.Terunuma H. et al. Potential role of NK cells in the induction of immune responses: implications for NK cell-based immunotherapy for cancers and viral infections. International Reviews of Immunology. 2008; 27 (3): 93–110.Arina A. et al. Cellular liaisons of natural killer lymphocytes in immunology and immunotherapy of cancer. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 2007; 5 (5): 599–615.Arina A. et al. Cellular liaisons of natural killer lymphocytes in immunology and immunotherapy of cancer. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 2007; 5 (5): 599–615.Dahlgren C. and Karlsson A. Respiratory burst in human neutrophils. Journal of Immunological Methods. 1999; 232 (1–2): 3–14.Dahlgren C. and Karlsson A. Respiratory burst in human neutrophils. Journal of Immunological Methods. 1999; 232 (1–2): 3–14.Plowden J., Renshaw-Hoelscher M., Engleman C., Katz J., Sambhara S. Innate immunity in aging: impact on macrophage function. Aging Cell. 2004; 3:161–167.Plowden J., Renshaw-Hoelscher M., Engleman C., Katz J., Sambhara S. Innate immunity in aging: impact on macrophage function. Aging Cell. 2004; 3:161–167.Blander J. M., Medzhitov R. Toll-dependent selection of microbial antigens for presentation by dendritic cells. Nature. 2006; 440: 808.Blander J. M., Medzhitov R. Toll-dependent selection of microbial antigens for presentation by dendritic cells. Nature. 2006; 440: 808.Banchereau J., Steinman R. M. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature. 1998; 392: 245.Banchereau J., Steinman R. M. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature. 1998; 392: 245.Smith C. M. et al. Cognate CD4(+) T cell licensing of dendritic cells in CD8(+) T cell immunity. Nat. Immunol. 2004;5: 1143.Smith C. M. et al. Cognate CD4(+) T cell licensing of dendritic cells in CD8(+) T cell immunity. Nat. Immunol. 2004;5: 1143.Мейл Д., Бростофф Д., Рот Д., Ройтт А. Иммунология. 7 (оригинальное). Москва: Логосфера, 2007–105–568 с. Meyl D., Brostoff D., Rot D., Roytt A. Immunologiya. 7 (originalnoe). Moskva: Logosfera, 2007–105–568 s.Мейл Д., Бростофф Д., Рот Д., Ройтт А. Иммунология. 7 (оригинальное). Москва: Логосфера, 2007–105–568 с. Meyl D., Brostoff D., Rot D., Roytt A. Immunologiya. 7 (originalnoe). Moskva: Logosfera, 2007–105–568 s.Mauri C., Bosma A. Immune regulatory function of B cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2012;30: 221–41.Mauri C., Bosma A. Immune regulatory function of B cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2012;30: 221–41.Dranoff G. Cytokines in cancer pathogenesis and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 Jan; 4(1):11–22.Dranoff G. Cytokines in cancer pathogenesis and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 Jan; 4(1):11–22.Coulie P. G., Van den Eynde B. J., van der Bruggen P., Boon T. Tumour antigens recognized by T lymphocytes: at the core of cancer immunotherapy. Nat.Rev Cancer 2014; 14:135–46.Coulie P. G., Van den Eynde B. J., van der Bruggen P., Boon T. Tumour antigens recognized by T lymphocytes: at the core of cancer immunotherapy. Nat.Rev Cancer 2014; 14:135–46.Schreiber R. D., Old L. J., Smyth M. J. Cancer immunoediting: integrating immunity’s roles in cancer suppression and promotion. Science. 2011; 331: 1565–70.Schreiber R. D., Old L. J., Smyth M. J. Cancer immunoediting: integrating immunity’s roles in cancer suppression and promotion. Science. 2011; 331: 1565–70.Campoli M., Ferrone S. HLA antigen changes in malignant cells: epigenetic mechanisms and biologic significance. Oncogene. 2008; 27:5869–85.Campoli M., Ferrone S. HLA antigen changes in malignant cells: epigenetic mechanisms and biologic significance. Oncogene. 2008; 27:5869–85.Taube J. M., Anders R. A., Young G. D., Xu H., Sharma R., McMiller T.L. et al. Colocalization of inflammatory response with B7-h1 expression in human melanocytic lesions supports an adaptive resistance mechanism of immune escape. Sci Transl Med. 2012; 4: 127ra37.Taube J. M., Anders R. A., Young G. D., Xu H., Sharma R., McMiller T.L. et al. Colocalization of inflammatory response with B7-h1 expression in human melanocytic lesions supports an adaptive resistance mechanism of immune escape. Sci Transl Med. 2012; 4: 127ra37.Pardoll D. M. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012; 12:252–64.Pardoll D. M. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012; 12:252–64.Le Mercier I., Chen W., Lines J. L., Day M., Li J., Sergent P. et al. VISTA Regulates the Development of Protective Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Res. 2014; 74:1933–44.Le Mercier I., Chen W., Lines J. L., Day M., Li J., Sergent P. et al. VISTA Regulates the Development of Protective Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Res. 2014; 74:1933–44.DeFranco A., Locksley R. M., Robertson M. Immunity. The immune response in infectious and inflammatory disease. London, 2007, Ch. 12: 208–299.DeFranco A., Locksley R. M., Robertson M. Immunity. The immune response in infectious and inflammatory disease. London, 2007, Ch. 12: 208–299.Pardoll D. M. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Mar 22; 12(4):252–64.Pardoll D. M. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Mar 22; 12(4):252–64.Drake C. G., Jaffee E., Pardoll D. M. Mechanisms of immune evasion by tumors. Adv Immunol. 2006; 90:51–81.Drake C. G., Jaffee E., Pardoll D. M. Mechanisms of immune evasion by tumors. Adv Immunol. 2006; 90:51–81.Vesely M. D., Kershaw M. H., Schreiber R. D., Smyth M. J. Natural innate and adaptive immunity to cancer. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011; 29:235–71.Vesely M. D., Kershaw M. H., Schreiber R. D., Smyth M. J. Natural innate and adaptive immunity to cancer. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011; 29:235–71.Хаитов Р. М. Иммунология 2-е издание, 2013, 528 с. Haitov R. M. Immunologiya 2-e izdanie, 2013, 528 s.Хаитов Р. М. Иммунология 2-е издание, 2013, 528 с. Haitov R. M. Immunologiya 2-e izdanie, 2013, 528 s.Zhang L., Zhao Y. The regulation of Foxp3 expression in regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+)T cells: multiple pathways on the road. J. Cell. Physiol. 2007; 211 (3): 590–597.Zhang L., Zhao Y. The regulation of Foxp3 expression in regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+)T cells: multiple pathways on the road. J. Cell. Physiol. 2007; 211 (3): 590–597.Horne Z. D., Jack R., Gray Z. T., Siegfried J. M., Wilson D. O. et al. Increased levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with improved recurrence-free survival in stage 1A non-small-cell lung cancer. J Surg Res. 2011 Nov; 171(1):1–5.Horne Z. D., Jack R., Gray Z. T., Siegfried J. M., Wilson D. O. et al. Increased levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with improved recurrence-free survival in stage 1A non-small-cell lung cancer. J Surg Res. 2011 Nov; 171(1):1–5.Coussens L. M., Zitvogel L., Palucka A. K. Neutralizing tumorpromoting chronic inflammation: A magic bullet? Science. 2013; 339:286–291.Coussens L. M., Zitvogel L., Palucka A. K. Neutralizing tumorpromoting chronic inflammation: A magic bullet? Science. 2013; 339:286–291.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.