<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Malignant tumours</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Malignant tumours</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-5057</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6813</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rosoncoweb</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18027/2224-5057-2025-064</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tumors-1603</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И АНАЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND ANALYSIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение технологий искусственного интеллекта для прогнозирования риска рецидива при раке поджелудочной железы. Систематический обзор литературы и метаанализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Using artificial intelligence tools to predict recurrence risk in pancreatic cancer. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-4872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манукян</surname><given-names>М. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manukyan</surname><given-names>M. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Манукян Мариам Шираковна </p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Manukyan Mariam Shirakovna</p><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">manukyanmariam6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0899-0809</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Валерия Игоревна </p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>625041 Тюмень, ул. Барнаульская, 32</p><p>625023 Тюмень, ул. Одесская, 54</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavlova Valeria Igorevna </p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p><p>32 Barnaulskay St., Tyumen 625041 </p><p>54 Odesskaya St., Tyumen 625023  </p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6399-963X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдулаева</surname><given-names>Р. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdulaeva</surname><given-names>R. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдулаева Рукият Шамильевна </p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abdulaeva Rukiyat Shamilievna </p><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3486-302X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Геворкян</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gevorkyan</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геворкян Тигран Гагикович </p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gevorkyan Tigran Gagikovich </p><p> 23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9303-8379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гордеев Сергей Сергеевич </p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>625023 Тюмень, ул. Одесская, 54</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gordeev Sergey Sergeevich </p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478 </p><p>54 Odesskaya St., Tyumen 625023</p><p>Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ГАУЗ ТО «Многопрофильный клинический медицинский центр «Медицинский город»; 	ФГБОУ ВО «Тюменский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Multidisciplinary Clinical Medical Center “Medical City»; Tyumen State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Тюменский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Tyumen State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>56–64</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Манукян М.Ш., Павлова В.И., Абдулаева Р.Ш., Геворкян Т.Г., Гордеев С.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Манукян М.Ш., Павлова В.И., Абдулаева Р.Ш., Геворкян Т.Г., Гордеев С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Manukyan M.S., Pavlova V.I., Abdulaeva R.S., Gevorkyan T.G., Gordeev S.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/1603">https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/1603</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведен систематический обзор и мета‑анализ 10 исследований (2019–2024 гг.), оценивающих диагностическую точность алгоритмов искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) для прогнозирования рецидивов рака поджелудочной железы (РПЖ). Объединенные оценки чувствительности и специфичности составили 0,77 [95 % ДИ: 0,58–0,95] и 0,79 [95 % ДИ: 0,57–1,00] соответственно. Ключевыми ограничениями работы являлась высокая гетерогенность (I² &gt; 98 %), которая может быть связана с малым числом включенных исследований, и недостаточная стандартизация методов валидации.</p><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение: Использование технологий искусственного интеллекта открывает новые возможности в прогнозировании течения рака поджелудочной железы.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Проведение мета‑анализа диагностической точности алгоритмов ИИ (чувствительности и специфичности) для прогнозирования рецидивов РПЖ и сравнительный анализ эффективности различных типов алгоритмов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: Был проведен систематический поиск литературы в ведущих научных базах данных, охватывающий публикации за период с 2019 по 2024 годы. В обзор включены исследования, в которых применялись методологии искусственного интеллекта для прогнозирования риска рецидива рака поджелудочной железы. Поиск и анализ данных осуществлялись в три этапа: первичный поиск исследований по ключевым словам и критериям включения; скрининг заголовков и аннотаций для отбора релевантных работ; детальная оценка полных текстов отобранных статей.</p><p>Синтез данных включал анализ производительности моделей ИИ, типов используемых данных (клинические, геномные, радиологические и др.), а также стратегий валидации и тестирования предложенных алгоритмов.</p><p>Для мета‑анализа чувствительности и специфичности использована модель случайных эффектов с расчетом объединенных оценок, 95 % доверительных интервалов и показателей гетерогенности (I², τ²). Дополнительно выполнена мета‑регрессия для оценки влияния типа алгоритма на чувствительность. Статистический анализ проведен в R (пакет metafor) с визуализацией лесных диаграмм.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Данный систематический обзор включил 10 исследований, из которых 5 были отобраны для метаанализа. Результаты демонстрируют объединенную чувствительность 0,77 [95 % ДИ: 0,58–0,95] и специфичность 0,79 [95 % ДИ: 0,57–1,00] алгоритмов ИИ для прогнозирования рецидивов РПЖ. При анализе отдельных типов алгоритмов искусственные нейронные сети (ANN) показали объединенную чувствительность 0,87 [0,73–1,01], а метод опорных векторов (SVM) имел отрицательный коэффициент влияния на чувствительность (–0,45 [–0,69 — −0,21]). Мета‑анализ выявил высокую гетерогенность между исследованиями (I² = 98,84 % для чувствительности и I² = 99,42 % для специфичности), что требует осторожности при интерпретации результатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: ИИ‑модели демонстрируют потенциал для прогнозирования рецидивов РПЖ, но требуют стандартизации данных и проспективной валидации в клинической практике.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 studies (2019–2024) evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for predicting pancreatic cancer (PCa) recurrence was conducted. The pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates were 0.77 [95 % CI: 0.58–0.95] and 0.79 [95 % CI: 0.57–1.00], respectively. Key limitations of the study included high heterogeneity (I² &gt; 98 %), which could be related to the small number of included studies and insufficient standardization of the validation methods.</p><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools provide new possibilities in predicting the course of pancreatic cancer.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: To conduct a meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of AI algorithms (sensitivity and specificity) for predicting PCa recurrence and to compare the effectiveness of different types of algorithms. Methods. A systematic literature search was conducted in leading scientific databases, covering publications from 2019 to 2024. The review included studies that applied artificial intelligence tools to predict the risk of pancreatic cancer recurrence. The data search and analysis were conducted in three stages: a primary search of studies using keywords and inclusion criteria; screening of the titles and abstracts to select relevant studies; and a detailed assessment of the full texts of the selected articles.</p><p>The data synthesis included an analysis of the performance of the AI models, the types of data used (clinical, genomic, radiological, etc.), and the validation and testing strategies for the proposed algorithms.</p><p>A random-effects model was used for the sensitivity and specificity meta-analysis, with the calculation of pooled estimates, 95 % confidence intervals, and heterogeneity indices (I², τ²). A meta-regression was also performed to assess the impact of the algorithm type on sensitivity. Statistical analysis was carried out in R (metafor package) with forest plot visualization.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: This systematic review included 10 studies, of which 5 were selected for the meta-analysis. The results demonstrate a pooled sensitivity of 0.77 [95 % CI: 0.58–0.95] and specificity of 0.79 [95 % CI: 0.57–1.00] for AI algorithms in predicting PCa recurrence. In the analysis of individual algorithm types, artificial neural networks (ANNs) showed a pooled sensitivity of 0.87 [0.73–1.01], while support vector machines (SVMs) had a negative impact on sensitivity (coefficient –0.45 [–0.69 to –0.21]). The meta-analysis revealed high heterogeneity of the studies (I² = 98.84 % for sensitivity and I² = 99.42 % for specificity), requiring cautious interpretation of the results.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: AI models are promising tools for predicting pancreatic cancer recurrence, but require data standardization and prospective validation in clinical practice.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак поджелудочной железы</kwd><kwd>ранний рецидив</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>машинное и глубокое обучение</kwd><kwd>прогностические факторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pancreatic cancer</kwd><kwd>early recurrence</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>machine and deep learning</kwd><kwd>prognostic factors</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при финансовой поддержке аналитического центра правительства Российской Федерации (Соглашение No. 70-2024-000121 dd 29.03.2024. IGK 000000D730324P540002)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted with the financial support of the Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 70-2024-000121 dd 29.03.2024. IGK 000000D730324P540002)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">SEER Cancer Statistics: Pancreas. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute. Available at: https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/pancreas.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SEER Cancer Statistics: Pancreas. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute. Available at: https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/pancreas.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leonhardt C.S., Gustorff C., Klaiber U., et al. Prognostic Factors for Early Recurrence After Resection of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology 2024;167(5):977–992. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2024.05.028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leonhardt C.S., Gustorff C., Klaiber U., et al. Prognostic Factors for Early Recurrence After Resection of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology 2024;167(5):977–992. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2024.05.028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song W., Miao D.L., Chen L. Nomogram for predicting survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018;11:539–545. https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S154599</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song W., Miao D.L., Chen L. Nomogram for predicting survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018;11:539–545. https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S154599</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldstein D, Von Hoff D.D., Chiorean E.G., et al. Nomogram for estimating overall survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Pancreas 2020;49(6):744–750. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0000000000001563</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldstein D, Von Hoff D.D., Chiorean E.G., et al. Nomogram for estimating overall survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Pancreas 2020;49(6):744–750. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0000000000001563</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tran K.A., Kondrashova O., Bradley A., et al., Deep learning in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment selection. Genome Med 2021;13(1):152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-021-00968-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tran K.A., Kondrashova O., Bradley A., et al., Deep learning in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment selection. Genome Med 2021;13(1):152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-021-00968-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palumbo D., Mori M., Prato F., et al. Prediction of early distant recurrence in upfront resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a multidisciplinary, machine learning-based approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021;13(19):4938. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194938</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palumbo D., Mori M., Prato F., et al. Prediction of early distant recurrence in upfront resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a multidisciplinary, machine learning-based approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021;13(19):4938. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194938</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee, K.S., et al. Usefulness of artificial intelligence for predicting recurrence following surgery for pancreatic cancer: Retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg, 2021.93:p.106050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee, K.S., et al. Usefulness of artificial intelligence for predicting recurrence following surgery for pancreatic cancer: Retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg, 2021.93:p.106050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayward, J., Alvarez S.A., Ruiz C., et al., Machine learning of clinical performance in a pancreatic cancer database. Artif Intell Med 2010;49(3):187–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2010.04.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayward, J., Alvarez S.A., Ruiz C., et al., Machine learning of clinical performance in a pancreatic cancer database. Artif Intell Med 2010;49(3):187–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2010.04.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walczak S., Velanovich V. An evaluation of artificial neural networks in predicting pancreatic cancer survival. J Gastrointest Surg 2017;21(10):1606–1612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-017-3518-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walczak S., Velanovich V. An evaluation of artificial neural networks in predicting pancreatic cancer survival. J Gastrointest Surg 2017;21(10):1606–1612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-017-3518-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sala Elarre P., Oyaga-Iriarte E., Yu K.H., et al., Use of Machine-Learning Algorithms in Intensified Preoperative Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer to Predict Individual Risk of Relapse. Cancers (Basel) 2019;11(5):606. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050606</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sala Elarre P., Oyaga-Iriarte E., Yu K.H., et al., Use of Machine-Learning Algorithms in Intensified Preoperative Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer to Predict Individual Risk of Relapse. Cancers (Basel) 2019;11(5):606. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050606</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tong Z., Liu Y., Ma H., et al. Development, validation and comparison of artificial neural network models and logistic regression models predicting survival of unresectable pancreatic cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020;8:196. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00196</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tong Z., Liu Y., Ma H., et al. Development, validation and comparison of artificial neural network models and logistic regression models predicting survival of unresectable pancreatic cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020;8:196. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00196</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baig Z., Abu-Omar N., Khan R., et al. Prognosticating outcome in pancreatic head cancer with the use of a machine learning algorithm. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021;20:15330338211050767. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533033821105 0767</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baig Z., Abu-Omar N., Khan R., et al. Prognosticating outcome in pancreatic head cancer with the use of a machine learning algorithm. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021;20:15330338211050767. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533033821105 0767</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsu T.H., Schawkat K., Berkowitz S.J., et al., Artificial intelligence to assess body composition on routine abdominal CT scans and predict mortality in pancreatic cancer- A recipe for your local application. Eur J Radiol 2021;142:109834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109834</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsu T.H., Schawkat K., Berkowitz S.J., et al., Artificial intelligence to assess body composition on routine abdominal CT scans and predict mortality in pancreatic cancer- A recipe for your local application. Eur J Radiol 2021;142:109834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109834</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen, Q., Hu Y., Lin W., et al. Studying the impact of marital status on diagnosis and survival prediction in pancreatic ductal carcinoma using machine learning methods. Sci Rep 2024;14(1):5273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-02453145-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen, Q., Hu Y., Lin W., et al. Studying the impact of marital status on diagnosis and survival prediction in pancreatic ductal carcinoma using machine learning methods. Sci Rep 2024;14(1):5273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-02453145-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pasha S.A., Khalid A., Levy T., et al. Machine learning to predict completion of treatment for pancreatic cancer. J Surg Oncol 2024;130(8):1605–1610. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.27812</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasha S.A., Khalid A., Levy T., et al. Machine learning to predict completion of treatment for pancreatic cancer. J Surg Oncol 2024;130(8):1605–1610. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.27812</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nopour R. Establishment of prediction model for mortality risk of pancreatic cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024;24(1):181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02590-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nopour R. Establishment of prediction model for mortality risk of pancreatic cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024;24(1):181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-024-02590-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
