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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Malignant tumours</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Malignant tumours</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-5057</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6813</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rosoncoweb</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18027/2224-5057-2025-042</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tumors-1471</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОБСТВЕННЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. ВОПРОСЫ ОНКОХИРУРГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OWN RESEARCH. ONCOSURGERY ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кахексия и ее влияние на ближайшие результаты хирургического лечения пациентов с резектабельным раком желудка</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cachexia and its impact on early postoperative results in patients with resectable gastric cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7281-3591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лядов</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyadov</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Константинович Лядов</p><p>117152; Загородное шоссе, 18А; 125993; ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1; Москва; 654005; пр-ктСтроителей, 5; Новокузнецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Konstantinovich Lyadov</p><p>117152; 18A Zagorodnoe Shosse; 125993; Build. 1, 2 / 1 Barrikadnaya St.; Moscow; 654005; 5 Stroiteley Prospekt; Novokuznetsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlyadov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-6637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болдырева</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boldyreva</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Сергеевна Болдырева</p><p>117152; Загородное шоссе, 18А; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana Sergeevna Boldyreva</p><p>117152; 18A Zagorodnoe Shosse; Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-0753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамаюнов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamayunov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Викторович Гамаюнов</p><p>603163; ул. Деловая, 11 / 1; 603950; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10 / 1; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei Viktorovich Gamayunov</p><p>603163; 11 / 1 Delovaya str.; 603950; 10 / 1 sq. Minina i Pozharskogo; Nizhnii Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загайнов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagainov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Евгеньевич Загайнов</p><p>603163; ул. Деловая, 11 / 1; 603950; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10 / 1; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Evgenevich Zagainov</p><p>603163; 11 / 1 Delovaya str.; 603950; 10 / 1 sq. Minina i Pozharskogo; Nizhnii Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-1321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселев</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiselev</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Михайлович Киселев</p><p>603163; ул. Деловая, 11 / 1; 603950; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10 / 1; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai Mikhailovich Kiselev</p><p>603163; 11 / 1 Delovaya str.; 603950; 10 / 1 sq. Minina i Pozharskogo; Nizhnii Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7832-7728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Андреевич Климин</p><p>603163; ул. Деловая, 11 / 1; 603950; пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10 / 1; Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei Andreevich Klimin</p><p>603163; 11 / 1 Delovaya str.; 603950; 10 / 1 sq. Minina i Pozharskogo; Nizhnii Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-6179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Всеволод Николаевич Галкин, </p><p>117152; Загородное шоссе, 18А; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vsevolod Nikolaevich Galkin</p><p>117152; 18A Zagorodnoe Shosse; Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Онкологический центр № 1 Городской клинической больницы имени С. С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России; Новокузнецкий государственный институт усовершенствования врачей — филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Oncology Center No. 1 of the City Clinical Hospital named after S. S. Yudin of the Moscow Department of Health; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia; Novokuznetsk State Institute for Advanced Medical Studies branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional&#13;
Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Онкологический центр № 1 Городской клинической больницы имени С. С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Oncology Center No. 1 of the City Clinical Hospital named after S. S. Yudin of the Moscow Department of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ НО НИИКО «Нижегородский областной клинический онкологический диспансер»; ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary; Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лядов В.К., Болдырева Т.С., Гамаюнов С.В., Загайнов В.Е., Киселев Н.М., Климин С.А., Галкин В.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лядов В.К., Болдырева Т.С., Гамаюнов С.В., Загайнов В.Е., Киселев Н.М., Климин С.А., Галкин В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyadov V.K., Boldyreva T.S., Gamayunov S.V., Zagainov V.E., Kiselev N.M., Klimin S.A., Galkin V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/1471">https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/1471</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение: Рак желудка является одним из самых распространенных злокачественных новообразований, у многих пациентов требует агрессивного комбинированного лечения, которое сопровождается высокой частотой развития осложнений. Актуальным представляется поиск независимых предикторов развития послеоперационныхосложнений и летальных исходов, коррекция которых потенциально могла бы улучшить результаты лечения.</p><p>   Целью данного исследования является оценка прогностической роли кахексии как предиктора развития осложнений в хирургии рака желудка.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы: В ретроспективно-проспективное исследование были включены данные о результатах хирургического лечения 144 пациентов, оперированных по поводу рака желудка с 2019 по 2023 гг. на базе 4 онкологического отделения ГБУЗ «ГКБ имени С. С. Юдина ДЗМ» и ГАУЗ НО НИИКО «Нижегородский областной клинический онкологический диспансер». Кахексию в соответствии с международными консенсусными критериями диагностировали при наличии потери массы тела ≥ 5 % от исходной за 6 месяцев до момента начала лечения либо при снижении массы тела ≥ 2 % и наличии саркопении или ИМТ &lt; 20 кг / м2. Для оценки наличия саркопении использовали пороговые значения скелетно-мышечного индекса Prado: 52,4 см2 / м2 для мужчин и 38,5 см2 / м2 для женщин, а также Martin: 41 см2 / м2 для женщин и 43 см2 / м2 для мужчин при ИМТ &lt; 25 кг / м2 и 53 см2 / м2 при ИМТ &gt; 25 кг / м2. Оценивали частоту развития ранних послеоперационных осложнений в течение 30 дней после выполнения хирургического вмешательства по критериям Клавьен – Диндо, а также показатель 90-дневной летальности.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты: У 57 из 144 пациентов (39,5 %) на дооперационном этапе была диагностирована кахексия. Раковая кахексия была более распространена при III стадии заболевания (42,1 % против 24,1 %, p = 0,023), а также среди больных с саркопенией (как измеренной по массе скелетной мускулатуры, 49,1 % против 18,3 %, р &lt; 0,001, так и подтвержденной динамометрической оценкой, 14,3 % против 0 %, р = 0,006). Согласно результатам многофакторного анализа, кахексия оказалась независимым предиктором развития послеоперационных осложнений (ОШ = 2,208, 95 % ДИ 1,051–4,638, p = 0,036) и инфекций области хирургического вмешательства (ИОХВ) (ОШ = 3,916, 95 % ДИ1,146–13,3874, p = 0,029). Показатель 90-дневной послеоперационной летальности был значимо выше в группе пациентов с кахексией (10,5 % против 2,3 %, p = 0,039).</p></sec><sec><title>   Выводы</title><p>   Выводы: Данное исследование демонстрирует, что раковая кахексия является перспективным предиктором развития осложнений в хирургии рака желудка. Коррекция кахексии на дооперационном этапе может способствовать снижению числа послеоперационных осложнений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Background</title><p>   Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies which requires aggressive combined treatment with a high incidence of complications. The search for modifiable risk factors or predictors of complications’ development is ongoing.</p><p>   We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of cachexia in patients with resectable GC.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods: A multi-center retro-prospective cohort study included data of 144 GC patients who underwent potentially curative gastrectomy between 2019 and 2023. Cachexia and sarcopenia were diagnosed according to the most recent consensus definitions. Сachexia was defined according to the international consensus criteria as the loss of ≥ 5 % of weight in 6 months or the loss of 2 % body weight in the presence of sarcopenia or BMI &lt; 20 kg / m2. To assess the presence of sarcopenia we used Prado criteria (52.4 cm2 / m2 for men and 38.5 cm2 / m2 for women) and Martin criteria (41 cm2 / m2 for women and 43 cm2 / m2 for men with a BMI &lt; 25 kg / m2 and 53 cm2 / m2 with a BMI &gt; 25 kg / m2) for L3 skeletal-muscle index. The 30-day incidence of postoperative complications and 90-day mortality were evaluated.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results: There were 57 (39.5 %) patients with cachexia. Cachexia was more prevalent in patients with TNM stage III (42.1 % vs 24.1 %, p = 0.023) and sarcopenic patients (measured by skeletal muscle mass, 49.1 % vs. 18.3 %, p &lt; 0.001, as well as dynamometry, 14.3 % vs. 0 %, p = 0.006). Multivariate analysis revealed that cachexia was a significant predictor of postoperative complications (ОR = 2.208, 95 % CI 1.051–4.638, p = 0.036) and surgical site infection (OR = 3.916, 95 % CI 1.146–13.3874, p = 0.029). The 90-day mortality rate was higher among patients with cachexia (10.5 % vs. 2.3 %, p = 0.039).</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion: Preoperative cachexia is a potentially modifiable predictor of complications after gastric cancer surgery which may help to identify high-risk patients for proactive multimodal рrehabilitation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>кахексия</kwd><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>гастрэктомия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>cachexia</kwd><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>gastrectomy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Гранта № 2021-01 Фонда поддержки научных исследований в онкологии «Преабилитация пациентов с резектабельными опухолями органов пищеварения при наличии саркопении»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of Grant No. 2021–01 of the Foundation for the Support of Scientific Research in Oncology “Prehabilitation of patients with resectable tumors of the digestive organs in the presence of sarcopenia”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2023 году. 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