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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Malignant tumours</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Malignant tumours</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-5057</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6813</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rosoncoweb</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18027/2224-5057-2025-039</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tumors-1446</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты применения ингибиторов контрольных точек иммунного ответа (ИКТ) пембролизумаба и ниволумаба у больных метастатическим раком желудка в I линии. Опыт онкологической службы г. Москвы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The results of the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) pembrolizumab and nivolumab in the first line treatment of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. The experience of the oncological service of Moscow</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-7490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семёнов</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семёнов Николай Николаевич</p><p>111123 Москва, Новогиреевская ул., 1, корп. 1</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Semenov Nikolai Nikolaevich</p><p>Build. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya St., Moscow 111123</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nn.semenov@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-7806</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федянин</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedyanin</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федянин Михаил Юрьевич</p><p>108814 Москва, п. Коммунарка, ул. Сосенский стан, 8</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p>105203, Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, 70</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fedyanin Mikhail Yurevich</p><p>8 Sosenskiy Stan St., Moscow 108814</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p><p>70, Nizhnyaya Pervomaiskaya St., Moscow 105203</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4848-6938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жукова</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukova</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жукова Людмила Григорьевна</p><p>111123 Москва, Новогиреевская ул., 1, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhukova Lyudmila Grigorevna</p><p>Build. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya St., Moscow 111123</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-8118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатьков</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatkov</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хатьков Игорь Евгеньевич</p><p>111123 Москва, Новогиреевская ул., 1, корп. 1</p><p>127473 Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khatkov Igor Evgenevich</p><p>Build. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya St., Moscow 111123</p><p>Build. 1, 20 Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-1092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Строяковский</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stroyakovskii</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Строяковский Даниил Львович</p><p>143515 Московская область, п. Истра, 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stroyakovskii Daniil Lvovich</p><p>27 Istra, Moscow Region 143515</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-3837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Покатаев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokataev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Покатаев Илья Анатольевич</p><p>117152 Москва, Загородное шоссе, 18А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pokataev Ilya Anatolevich</p><p>18A Zagorodnoe Shosse, Moscow 117152</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А. С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения г. &#13;
Москвы»; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow Healthcare Department; N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный клинический центр «Коммунарка» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический центр им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center “Kommunarka», Moscow Healthcare Department; N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; National Medical and Surgical Center named after N. I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А. С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения г. &#13;
Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. S. Loginov	Moscow	Clinical	Scientific	Center,	Moscow	Healthcare	Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А. С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А. И. Евдокимова» Минздрава &#13;
России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow Healthcare Department; A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московская городская онкологическая больница No 62 Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Oncology Hospital No. 62, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Онкологический центр № 1 Городской клинической больницы имени С. С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Oncology Center No. 1 of the City Clinical Hospital named after S. S. Yudin of the Moscow Department of Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>27–35</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семёнов Н.Н., Федянин М.Ю., Жукова Л.Г., Хатьков И.Е., Строяковский Д.Л., Покатаев И.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семёнов Н.Н., Федянин М.Ю., Жукова Л.Г., Хатьков И.Е., Строяковский Д.Л., Покатаев И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semenov N.N., Fedyanin M.Y., Zhukova L.G., Khatkov I.E., Stroyakovskii D.L., Pokataev I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/1446">https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/1446</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение: Применение препаратов иммунотерапии в комбинации с химиотерапией показало свою эффективность в рандомизированных исследованиях в I линии лечения метастатического рака желудка. В работе рассмотрен опыт онкологической службы г. Москвы по оценке эффективности пембролизумаба и ниволумаба у больных метастатическим раком желудка в зависимости от морфологических (CPS, MSI) характеристик.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: сравнить выживаемость без прогрессирования (ВБП) и общую выживаемость (ОВ) в первой линии у больных распространенным раком желудка, которым проводилась иммунотерапия (в монорежиме или в комбинации с химиотерапией) или стандартная химиотерапия с включением оксалиплатина и фторпиримидинов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Критериям включения соответствовали 194 пациента. Из них ингибиторы контрольных точек (ИКТ) получали 52 пациента (18 — только иммунотерапию; 31 — в сочетании с химиотерапией, пембролизумаб получали 15, ниволумаб — 37 больных). Химиотерапию CAPOX или FOLFOХ без ИКТ получили 142 пациента. Медиана наблюдения составила 29,5 мес. (17,4–62,0 мес.). Мужчин в группах было 55,8 % и 57,7 %, средний возраст — 64,5 и 65,9 лет, ECOG 2 отмечен у 15,4 % и 8,5 %. Другие характеристики также были сопоставимы: CPS &gt; 10 у 69,2 % и 19,7 % (р = 0,0001), MSI — у 26,2 % и 4,9 % (р = 0,009), 2 и более линий лечения получали 36,5 % и 69,3 % (р = 0,0001) соответственно.</p><p>ВБП в общей группе составила 7,9 мес. и 6,4 мес. (ОР 0,46; 95 % ДИ 0,32–0,67, р = 0,0001), а ОВ — 17,3 мес. и 14,6 мес. (ОР 0,71; 95 %ДИ 0,49–1,04, р = 0,076) соответственно. При проведении однофакторного анализа был установлен только 1 фактор прогноза выживаемости: число органов, пораженных метастазами. В соответствии с этим анализ показал, что при наличии метастазов в 1–2 органах использование ИКТ имело преимущество в ВБП (р = 0,051 и р = 0,001), при 3 и более метастазах преимущество отсутствовало (р = 0,62). Оценивая влияние уровня CPS у больных с MSS фенотипом показано, что при CPS 0–9 преимущества в ВБП (6,1 мес. и 6,9 мес., р = 0,7) и ОВ (8,8 мес. и 14,9 мес., р = 0,39) не было. При CPS &gt; 10 отмечено преимущество при добавлении ИКТ по ВБП (9,9 мес. и 4,4 мес., р = 0,0001), и ОВ 18,2 мес. и 12, 1 мес. (р = = 0,23). Однако при уровне CPS &gt; 50 результаты не отличались. При оценке результатов лечения больных с MSI показано, что при медиане ВБП 6,6 мес. и 5,2 мес. (ОР 0,48; 95 %ДИ 0,17–1,4; р = 0,165) медиана ОВ у пациентов, получивших ИКТ с или без ХТ, была значимо выше — 24,3 мес. и 11,1 мес., соответственно (ОР 0,4; 95 %ДИ 0,13–1,21; р = 0,11).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: использование ИКТ в I линии терапии метастатического рака желудка (по сравнению с только ХТ) увеличивает долю пациентов, живущих без прогрессирования 12 и более месяцев, и более чем в 2 раза увеличивает общую выживаемость. Пороговый уровень CPS для назначения ИКТ, возможно, должен составлять &gt; 10. Взаимосвязь эффективности иммунотерапии и экспрессии PD‑L1 при раке желудка с MSI опухолями требует дальнейшего изучения на большей выборке пациентов. Информация об уровне CPS, наличии MSI и HER2 / neu должны быть известны к моменту обсуждения тактики лечения в дебюте метастатической болезни.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: the use of immunotherapy agents in combination with chemotherapy has shown its effectiveness in randomized trials for the first-line treatment of metastatic gastric cancer. The paper considers the experience of the Moscow oncological service in evaluating the effectiveness of pembrolizumab and nivolumab in patients with metastatic gastric cancer, depending on morphological (CPS, MSI) characteristics.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim of the study</title><p>Aim of the study: to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent immunotherapy (as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy) or standard chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidines.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods: 194 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 52 patients received checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) (18-immunotherapy alone; 31-in combination with chemotherapy, 15 patients received pembrolizumab and 37 patients received nivolumab); 142 patients received chemotherapy CAPOX or FOLFOX without ICI. The median follow-up was 29.5 months (17.4–62 months). Males were 55.8 % and 57.7 % with average age of 64.5 and 65.9 years, ECOG 2 was detected in 15.4 % and 8.5 % of patients. Other characteristics were also comparable: CPS &gt; 10 69.2 % and 19.7 % (p = 0.0001), MSI 26.2 % and 4.9 % (p = 0.009), 2nd lines and further treatment were received by 36.5 % and 69.3 % (p = 0.0001), respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: in the entire population PFS was 7.9 months and 6.4 months (HR 0.46; 95 % CI 0.32–0.67, p = 0.0001), and OS was 17.3 months and 14.6 months (HR 0.71; 95 % CI 0.49–1.04, p = 0.076), respectively. The univariate analysis showed that only 1 prognostic factor for survival — the number of organs with metastases. In accordance with this, in case of the presence of metastases in 1–2 organs the use of ICI had an advantage in terms of PFS (p = 0.051 and p = 0.001), while in case of 3 or more organs involved there was no advantage (p = 0.62). Assessing the effect of the CPS level in patients with MSS phenotype, it was shown that at CPS0–9 there was no advantage in PFS (6.1 months and 6.9 months, p = 0.7) and OS (8.8 months and 14.9 months, p = 0.39). With CPS &gt; 10, an advantage was noted when adding ICI for PFS (9.9 months and 4.4 months, p = 0.0001), and OS 18.2 months and 12.1 months (p = 0.23). However, the results did not differ at the CPS level &gt; 50. When evaluating patients with MSI, we demonstrated that with a median PFS of 6.6 months and 5.2 months, respectively (HR 0.48; 95 % CI 0.17–1.4; p = 0.165), the median OS in patients who received ICI with or without CT was significantly higher — 24.3 months and 11.1 months, respectively (HR 0.4; 95 % CI 0.13–1.21; p = 0.11).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: the use of ICI in the first line therapy for metastatic gastric cancer (compared with CT alone) increases the proportion of patients living without progression for 12 months or more, and the overall survival rate was also increased by more than 2 times. The threshold level of CPS for ICI assignment needs to be &gt; 10. The relationship between the effectiveness of immunotherapy and PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer with MSI tumors requires further study in a larger sample of patients. Information at the CPS level, the presence of MSI and HER2 / neu should be presented at the time of discussion of treatment tactics at the onset of metastatic disease.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак желудка</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы контрольных точек иммунитета</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastric cancer</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoint inhibitors</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang Y.K., Kang W.K., Shin D.B., et al. Capecitabine / cisplatin versus 5‑fluorouracil / cisplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a randomised phase III noninferiority trial. Ann Oncol 2009;20(4):666–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdn717</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kang Y.K., Kang W.K., Shin D.B., et al. 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