tumorsMalignant tumoursMalignant tumours2224-50572587-6813Rosoncoweb10.18027/2224-5057-2024-14-3s1-19-25tumors-1343Research ArticleСтатьиМеланома слизистых оболочек органов пищеваренияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4460-9136ТитовК. С.

125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 5

117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-4528ХомяковВ. М.

125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д., 3

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2095-5931ПоляковА. П.

125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д., 3

119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8 / 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1037-2364РябовА. Б.

117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д., 3

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3631-6778ЛунинаА. В.

Анастасия Владимировна Лунина 

 

lavdora2.0@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-1210ГрековД. Н.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5366-1281ЛебедевС. С.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8814-9832СтепановаА. А.

 125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский пр-д., 3

ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С. П. Боткина ДЗМ»; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»Russian FederationМосковский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П. А. Герцена — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава РоссииRussian FederationМосковский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П. А. Герцена — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)Russian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»; Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П. А. Герцена — филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава РоссииRussian FederationГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С. П. Боткина ДЗМ»Russian FederationГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С. П. Боткина ДЗМ»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РоссииRussian Federation202418112024143s11925Copyright © Титов К.С., Хомяков В.М., Поляков А.П., Рябов А.Б., Лунина А.В., Греков Д.Н., Лебедев С.С., Степанова А.А., 20242024Титов К.С., Хомяков В.М., Поляков А.П., Рябов А.Б., Лунина А.В., Греков Д.Н., Лебедев С.С., Степанова А.А.Титов К.С., Хомяков В.М., Поляков А.П., Рябов А.Б., Лунина А.В., Греков Д.Н., Лебедев С.С., Степанова А.А.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/1343

Меланома до 90% случаев поражает кожный покров и гораздо реже слизистые оболочки (2-3%). Меланомы слизистых оболочек органов головы и шеи составляют около 0,7-3,8 % от всех меланом и локализуются в околоносовых пазухах, полости рта, глотке, гортани. Они ассоциируются с очень неблагоприятным клиническим исходом и обладают высоким метастатическим потенциалом. Выбор тактики неоадъювантной и адъювантной лекарственной терапии остается открытым, в связи отсутствием достаточного количества исследований, подтверждающих их эффективность. Меланома также может возникать на слизистой оболочке практически любого отдела желудочно-кишечного тракта, также нередко рассматривается и как метастаз меланомы кожи или метастаз меланомы без выявленного первичного очага. При этом истинные первичные меланомы слизистых оболочек желудочно-кишечного тракта по частоте встречаемости располагаются следующим образом: анальный канал (31,4%), прямая кишка (22,2%), ротоглотка (32,8%), пищевод (5,9%), желудок (2,7%), тонкая кишка (2,3%) и ободочная кишка (0,9%). Факторы риска развития меланомы слизистых оболочек на сегодняшний день остаются неизвестными и не существует четких алгоритмов диагностики и лечения первичных меланом желудочно-кишечного тракта. В данной статье представлен обзор литературы по современным подходам к диагностике и лечению меланом слизистых оболочек.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.