tumorsMalignant tumoursMalignant tumours2224-50572587-6813Rosoncoweb10.18027/2224-5057-2015-2-22-39tumors-132Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL REPORTSИммунотерапия злокачественных глиом: современное состояние проблемы и перспективные направленияImmunotherapy for malignant gliomas: current status and perspectiveБорисовКонстантин ЕвгеньевичBorisovK. E.

к. м.н., врач-онколог, г. Уфа

к. м.н., врач-онколог, 

Ufa

konstantin9671@rambler.ruСакаеваДина ДамировнаSAKAEVADINA

д. м.н., заместитель главного врача по химиотерапии, г. Уфа

д. м.н., заместитель главного врача по химиотерапии, г. Уфа

ГУЗ Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер Минздрава Республики БашкортостанРоссияRepublican Clinical Dispensary, Ministry of Health of the Republic of BashkortostanRussian FederationГУЗ Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер Минздрава Республики БашкортостанРоссияГУЗ Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер Минздрава Республики БашкортостанRussian Federation201501072015022239Copyright © Борисов К.Е., Сакаева Д.Д., 20152015Борисов К.Е., Сакаева Д.Д.Borisov K.E., SAKAEVA D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/132

Несмотря на агрессивное мультимодальное лечение прогноз при злокачественных глиомах остается плохим. Низкая эффективность традиционной цитостатической терапии вынуждает искать альтернативные подходы к лечению. В данном обзоре рассматриваются вопросы активной иммунотерапии с помощью противоопухолевых вакцин и адоптивной клеточной терапии. Вакцинотерапия может осуществляться с использованием опухолевых лизатов или отдельных пептидов или мРНК. Для улучшения иммуногенности вакцины используются дендритные клетки и различные иммуноадъюванты. При использовании лизатной вакцины при вновь выявленной мультиформной глиобластоме медиана выживаемости без прогрессирования составляет 9,5–18 месяцев, а медиана общей выживаемости 16,25–35,9 месяца, что значительно выше, чем в историческом контроле. Среди пептидных вакцин изучаются вакцины к WT-1, сурвивину, мутированному варианту изоцитратдегидрогеназы (IDHR132H), мутированному варианту рецептора эпидермального фактора роста (EGFRvIII). Перспективными представляются методы вакцинотерапии против антигенов стволовых клеток глиом, цитомегаловирусных антигенов. Активно изучается возможность интеграции иммунотерапии в существующие стандарты лечения, а также комбинация нескольких иммунотерапевтических стратегий.

Despite aggressive multimodal treatment prognosis for malignant gliomas remains poor. The low efficiency of conventional cytostatic therapy forced to look for alternative approaches to treatment. This review deals with active immunotherapy using tumor vaccines and adoptive cell therapy. Vaccinotherapy may be carried out using tumor lysates or individual peptides, or mRNA. To improve the immunogenicity of vaccines dendritic cells and various immunoadjuvants are widely used. When using lysate vaccine in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme median progression-free survival is 9,5–18 months, and median overall survival is 16,25–35,9 months, significantly more than the historical control. Peptide vaccines to WT-1, survivin, mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDHR132H), mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII) are under investigation. Promising are the methods of vaccinotherapy against glioma stem cells antigens, cytomegalovirus antigens. The possibility of integration of immunotherapy in the existing treatment standards, as well as a combination of several immunotherapeutic strategies, has been studied extensively.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.