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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Malignant tumours</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Malignant tumours</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-5057</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-6813</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Rosoncoweb</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18027/2224-5057-2024-14-1-30-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tumors-1231</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Химиолучевая терапия у пациентов с плоскоклеточным раком прямой кишки: ретроспективное исследование с псевдорандомизацией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: a retrospective propensity-score matched analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-1752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беленькая</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belenkaya</surname><given-names>Y. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яна Владимировна Беленькая</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23; 119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana Vladimirovna Belenkaya</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478; Build. 2, 8 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yana-belenkaya@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9303-8379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Сергеевич Гордеев</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23; 625023 Тюмень, ул. Одесская, 54</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Sergeevich Gordeev</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478; 54 Odesskaya St., Tyumen 625023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3378-1088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мышляков</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myshlyakov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Сергеевич Мышляков</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23; 127473 Москва, ул. Делегатская, 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim Sergeevich Myshlyakov</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478; Build. 1, 20 Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vs.myshlyakov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмичев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmichev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-1247</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедли</surname><given-names>З. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedli</surname><given-names>Z. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заман Заурович Мамедли</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zaman Zaurovich Mamedli</p><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Тюменский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Tyumen State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беленькая Я.В., Гордеев С.С., Мышляков В.С., Кузьмичев Д.В., Мамедли З.З., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беленькая Я.В., Гордеев С.С., Мышляков В.С., Кузьмичев Д.В., Мамедли З.З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belenkaya Y.V., Gordeev S.S., Myshlyakov V.S., Kuzmichev D.V., Mamedli Z.Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/1231">https://www.malignanttumors.org/jour/article/view/1231</self-uri><abstract><p>Дефицит доказательных данных в литературе относительно эффективности проведения химиолучевой терапии (ХЛТ) у больных с плоскоклеточным раком прямой кишки (пРПК) делает актуальным дальнейшее изучение этой темы.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: Оценка эффективности применения ХЛТ у пациентов с пРПК в сравнении с пациентами с аденокарциномой прямой кишки и с плоскоклеточным раком анального канала (пРАК).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: Наша работа основана на анализе базы данных медицинских записей пациентов с кодом МКБ-Х С20 и МКБ-О 8070/3, 8070/3.1, 80703 за 2010–2022 гг., полученных из архива ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России. В исследуемую группу включили пациентов с пРПК, которым проводили ХЛТ на 1 этапе. Методом псевдорандомизации 1:2 с учетом пола, возраста, cN, степени дифференцировки и размера опухоли были подобраны группы пациентов с аденокарциномой прямой кишки и пРАК. Оцениваемыми параметрами были 3-летняя общая (ОВ) и безрецидивная (БРВ) выживаемость, частота полного клинического ответа и частота полного клинического или морфологического ответа через 6 месяцев, частота развития рецидивов, возникновения метастазов, проведения операции.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: В группу пРПК включили 15 пациентов, в группы аденокарциномы прямой кишки и пРАК — по 30 пациентов. Между группами не было достоверных различий по параметрам, которые могли повлиять на течение заболевания. Полный клинический ответ достигнут у 7 (46,7%) пациентов с пРПК по сравнению с 3 (10,0%) пациентами с аденокарциномой (р = 0,005) и с 24 (80,0%) пациентами с пРАК (р = 0,005). Частота выполнения операций при пРПК составила 26,6% (4 пациента), при пРАК — 6,67% (2 пациента), при аденокарциноме — 90% (27 пациентов) (p &lt; 0,001). Частота развития рецидивов составила 26,7% (4 пациента) при пРПК по сравнению с 10,0% (3 пациента) — при аденокарциноме (р = 0,146) и с 6,7% (2 пациента) — при пРАК (р = 0,063). Частота возникновения метастазов при пРПК составила 26,7% (4 пациента), при аденокарциноме — 26,7% (8 пациентов) (р &gt; 0,99). В группе пРАК метастазы диагностированы у 1 (3,3%) больного, что достоверно различается от показателей в группе пРПК (р = 0,019). Медиана наблюдения составила 44 месяца. Трехлетняя ОВ при пРПК составила 78,8% по сравнению с аденокарциномой — 91,0% (р = 0,675) и с пРАК — 86,3% (р = 0,953). Трехлетняя ОВ при аденокарциноме и пРАК также не имела достоверных различий (р = 0,996). Трехлетняя БРВ составила 34,7% при пРПК по сравнению с 55,6% — при аденокарциноме (р = 0,504) и 82,9% — при пРАК (р = 0,031). Различия 3-летней БРВ при аденокарциноме и пРАК были достоверны (р = 0,041).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: Нами были получены важные данные о сравнительной эффективности ХЛТ у больных пРПК, пРАК и аденокарциномой прямой кишки. Высокая частота достижения полного клинического ответа при пРПК позволяет рассматривать применение ХЛТ в качестве основного метода лечения пациентов с данным заболеванием. Результаты нашего исследования могут быть использованы для планирования тактики лечения пациентов с пРПК.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A lack of evidence-based data on the chemoradiotherapy (CRT) efficacy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum (SCCR) makes further study of this topic extremely important.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: The aim of our research was to estimate the efficacy of CRT in patients with SCCR compared to the rectal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCAC).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: Our study was based on analysis of medical records of patients with ICD–X code C20 and ICD-O 8070 / 3, 8070 / 3.1, 80703 in a database from 2007 to 2020 obtained from the archive of Research Institute FSBI “N. N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center” of the Ministry of Health of Russia. We included patients with SCCR who received CRT as initial treatment into the experimental group. Groups with rectal adenocarcinoma and SCCAC were created using propensity-score matching 1:2 taking into account sex, age, the cN clinical stage, histological grade and tumor size. The main study endpoints were 3‑year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates, complete clinical response rate and complete clinical or pathological response rate at 6 months after CRT, local recurrence and distant metastases rates, surgery rate.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: We included 15 patients in SCCR group and 30 patients in rectal adenocarcinoma group and SCCAC group each. There were no significant differences in parameters that could affect the prognosis. The complete clinical response was achieved in 7 (46.7 %) patients with SCCR versus 3 (10.0 %) patients with adenocarcinoma (p = 0.005) and 24 (80.0 %) patients with SCCAC (p = 0.005). The surgery rate was 26.6 % (4 patients) in SCCR group, 6.67 % (2 patients) in SCCAC group, 90 % (27 patients) in adenocarcinoma group (p &lt; 0.001). The recurrence rate was 26.7 % (4 patients) in SCCR group versus 10.0 % (3 patients) in adenocarcinoma group (p = 0.146) and 6.7 % (2 patients) in SCCAC group (p = 0.063). The metastases rate was 26.7 % (4 patients) in SCCR group, 26.7 % (8 patients) in adenocarcinoma group (p &gt; 0.99). In SCCAC group metastases were detected in 1 (3.3 %) patient, which was significantly different compared to the SCCR group (p = 0.019). Median follow up was 44 months. The 3‑year OS was 78.8 % in SCCR group versus 91.0 % in adenocarcinoma group (p = 0.675), and 86.3 % in SCCAC group (p = 0.953). The 3‑year OS in adenocarcinoma and SCCAC groups did not differ (p = 0.996). The 3‑year DFS was 34.7 % in SCCR group versus 55.6 % in adenocarcinoma group (p = 0.504) and 82.9 % in SCCAC group (p = 0.031). The 3‑year DFS differences in adenocarcinoma and SCCAC groups were significant (p = 0.041).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: We have obtained important data on the CRT comparative efficacy in patients with SCCR, SCCAC and rectal adenocarcinoma. The high complete clinical response rate in SCCR group makes it possible to consider the use of CRT as the main treatment method. Results of our research can be used to plan the treatment of patients with SCCR.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак</kwd><kwd>химиолучевая терапия</kwd><kwd>аденокарцинома</kwd><kwd>неоадъювантная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>squamous cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>chemoradiotherapy</kwd><kwd>adenocarcinoma</kwd><kwd>neoadjuvant therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dyson T., Draganov P.V. 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